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181.
The present research provides evidence that people use facial prototypes when they encounter different names. In Experiment
1, participants created face exemplars for fifteen common male names, subsets of which were endorsed as good examples by a
second set of participants. These most typical faces were morphed to create face-name prototypes. In Experiment 2, participants
matched one of the names to each of the prototype faces from Experiment 1. Participants’ matching choices showed convergence
in naming the prototypes for many of the names. Experiment 3 utilized these same prototypes in a learning task designed to
investigate if the face-name associations revealed in Experiment 2 impacted the learnability of the names. Participants learned
face-name pairings that had a higher association (based on frequencies from Experiment 2) faster than pairings with a low
association. Results suggest a more direct relationship between faces and names than has been previously proposed. 相似文献
182.
Stacy L. Frazier Marc S. Atkins Laura Hess Olson Aaron R. Lyon 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):152-158
The present study proposed to understand how same-sex and other-sex peer nominations relate differently to teacher reports
of children’s behaviors and measures of children’s friendships. Students provided peer nominations, mutual friend data, and
social network data. Teachers rated students’ antisocial behavior and social competence. As expected, other-sex peer social
preference scores predicted teacher ratings of antisocial behavior, while same-sex peer social preference scores predicted
data on friendships and social groups. Unexpectedly, both same and other sex peer nominations predicted children’s teacher-rated
social competence. Findings suggest that other-sex peers offer a unique perspective on children’s social behavior that is
neither superfluous nor unimportant to understanding children’s psychosocial adjustment. 相似文献
183.
Aidan G. C. Wright Aaron L. Pincus David E. Conroy Andrew J. Elliot 《Journal of personality》2009,77(4):997-1024
ABSTRACT This study advances the understanding of fear of failure (FF), a dispositional avoidance-oriented achievement motive, by employing interpersonal classification techniques to groups of individuals who fear failure in order to examine the pathoplastic relations between FF and interpersonal problems. Shame-based FF is thought to be related to the self-regulation strategies of appeasement and aggression, and these strategies are hypothesized to be associated with the interpersonal problems of Nonassertiveness and Vindictiveness, respectively. Using 2 independent samples ( n s=60 and 38) reporting high FF, interpersonal profiles were examined for the groups in their entirety and for cluster solutions within the larger samples. Results demonstrated that individuals high in FF exhibited 1 of 2 prototypical interpersonal profiles associated with Domineering/Vindictive or Nonassertive/Exploitable problems that correspond with the hypothesized aggression and appeasement regulation strategies. Consistent with the concept of pathoplasticity, these differences were not better accounted for by demographic, affective, motivational, personality, or attachment style characteristics of the samples. 相似文献
184.
Recent studies have shown associations between maternal psychopathology and inhibited behaviors in infants. Moreover, physiological factors have been identified as affecting the continuity of behavioral inhibition across childhood. The purpose of the present study was to examine electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and inhibited behavior in 12-month-old infants of depressed versus non-depressed and mothers. Repeated measures MANOVAs indicated that the infants of mothers with stable psychopathology had greater relative right frontal EEG asymmetry, a pattern that typically accompanies greater negative affect and greater withdrawal behaviors. Infants of affectively ill mothers also showed more proximal behaviors toward a stranger and a novel toy than infants of well mothers, but fewer non-proximal behaviors toward their mothers. These results are discussed within a framework of behavioral inhibition for infants exposed to early psychopathologies in their mothers. 相似文献
185.
186.
This study investigated whether gay men and lesbians are assumed to have attributes stereotypically associated with the other gender. Participants were 110 male and female undergraduates from a private, Midwestern, U.S. university. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (i.e., gay male, lesbian, heterosexual female, heterosexual male) and rated their given target on possession of traditionally masculine and feminine occupational interests, activities, and traits. Results revealed that, despite some changes in the status of gay men and lesbians in society, stereotypes regarding sexual orientation were similar to those seen in studies conducted 20 years ago. Specifically, gay males were viewed as less masculine/more feminine than heterosexual males, and lesbians were viewed as more masculine/less feminine than heterosexual females. 相似文献
187.
Empirical evidence for a functional role of syllables in visual word processing is abundant, however it remains rather heterogeneous.
The present study aims to further specify the role of syllables and the cognitive accessibility of syllabic information in
word processing. The first experiment compared performance across naming and lexical decision tasks by manipulating the number
of syllables in words and non-words. Results showed a syllable number effect in both the naming task and the lexical decision
task. The second experiment introduced a stimulus set consisting of isolated syllabic and non-syllabic trigrams. Syllable
frequency was manipulated in a naming and in a decision task requiring participants to decide on the syllabic status of letter
strings. Results showed faster responses for syllables than for non-syllables in both tasks. Syllable frequency effects were
observed in the decision task. In summary, the results from these manipulations of different types of syllable information
confirm an important role of syllabic units in both recognition and production. 相似文献
188.
Aaron Esman 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2001,82(6):1225-1233
The first fictional work that used psychoanalysis as a central plot device was La Coscienza di Zeno (Confessions of Zeno) , published in 1923 by Ettore Schmitz, a Triestino Jewish businessman who wrote under the pseudonym of 'Italo Svevo'. This paper describes Svevo's background, his relations with such important literary figures as James Joyce and with such central figures in Italian psychoanalysis as Dr Edoardo Weiss. It seeks to demonstrate to the Anglophone reader the particular psychoanalytic elements in the novel and to relate them to Svevo's personal experience (including his indirect contacts with Freud) and to the intellectual currents of the period in a city which had, until the aftermath of the First World War, been a crossroads of European culture. 相似文献
189.
P G Aaron 《Psychological reports》1972,31(2):407-412
190.