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931.
SUSAN D. PHILLIPS MYRNA L. FRIEDLANDER PETER P. KOST RANDY V. SPECTERMAN ERICA S. ROBBINS 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1988,67(3):169-173
In this archival study the authors sought to determine the relationship, if any, between counseling outcomes and the topical focus in career counseling. Twenty-two counselors saw 46 adult clients at a community-based clinic for an average of eight sessions. Counseling outcome and topical focus (the extent to which the actual content of counseling sessions reflected relatively more vocationally or personally focused topics) were assessed from follow-up questionnaires to former career clients and from trained raters' evaluations of the counselors' written progress notes. Results showed that, from the counselors' perspective, outcomes were better when the focus of the sessions was relatively more vocational than personal and when relatively more interviews were held. Client satisfaction, on the other hand, was predictable only from the counselor's level of experience. Satisfaction with occupational status was not associated with any of the client, counselor, or treatment factors. Discussion focuses on the contribution of the results to career counseling practice and on the feasibility and validity of retrospective, archival research. 相似文献
932.
Counselors are in ideal positions to help change attitudes toward viewing menopause as a time of positive change, rather than a time of psychological distress. Following definitions and a review of historical, sociological, psychological, and attitudinal factors that account for negative responses associated with menopause, recommendations for counselor interventions are proposed. 相似文献
933.
JAMES M. O'NEIL MARIANNE ROBERTS CARROLL 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1988,67(3):193-197
A 6-day gender role workshop for adult men and women, using the phases of the gender role journey, is presented. The workshop's curriculum and process are described, including its assumptions, norms, and media. Movie clips, music, music videos, and academic content were used to promote participants' learning in both the cognitive and affective domains. Systematic follow-up evaluations of participants ( N =84) in three separate workshops are reported using Likert scaled questions. These evaluations assessed participants' personal learning, emotional reactions, and the workshop's overall impact over l-month and 1-and 2-year follow-up periods. Results indicate that participants were affected personally and professionally over the various time periods. 相似文献
934.
S A Platt C A Sanislow 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1988,102(3):254-261
The development of a phenotype is due to an interaction of the genotype with the environment. Two terms have been used to describe the outcome of this interaction, the norm-of-reaction and the reaction range. The first represents the theoretically limitless distribution of the phenotypes that may be expressed by a given genotype. The reaction range implies an upper and lower limit for phenotype expression possible from a given genotype. A critical distinction between the reaction range and the norm-of-reaction is that the norm-of-reaction is a statement of the conceivable interactions found but does not imply any predictability other than that within the conditions previously tested experimentally, that is, the tails of a normal distribution are infinitely variable, whereas the concept of reaction range implies a limitation inherent in the genotype, that is, a finite range. Empirical support for the reaction-range concept is questionable. Animal studies cited in support of the reaction range have been inappropriately and incorrectly interpreted. 相似文献
935.
F R D'Amato 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1988,102(2):146-151
Differences in reproduction as well as in behavior in the presence of females were evaluated according to dominant and subordinate male rank in albino mice, in the temporary absence of each male's antagonist. Dominant males reproduced more successfully than subordinate males. Subordinate males were generally inactive, except for displacement activities, during the first 15 min they were exposed to female partners. These findings suggest that mechanisms other than male-male interference or mating order may be operating or influencing behavior and reproductive results. 相似文献
936.
There appears to be a strong relationship between mass media portrayals of violence and real-life violence itself. This article
reviews the available literature on the effects of media treatment of sports violence; analyzes the theoretical explanations
for this treatment; and makes proposals on how the problems of both sports violence and its media coverage may be remedied,
with a particular focus on amateur hockey in Canada. 相似文献
937.
D. L. Morrison 《Current Psychology》1988,7(2):136-156
This study examines the relationship between performance on a context-independent fault diagnosis task and two dimensions
of cognitive style: field dependence/independence (D-I) and focusing/scanning (F-S). The effects on diagnosis performance
of training and the ability of both dimensions of style jointly to predict fault-finding ability were considered. The results
showed that field independents and focusers were superior fault diagnosticians. Training, in the form of verbal feedback messages,
was uniformly effective for the D-I dimension although field independents maintained a superior level of performance, over
field dependents. In general, for the F-S dimension, training had little effect on either the focusers or scanners. A combination
of scores on the F-S and D-I dimensions significantly enhanced the proportion of the variance in testing efficiency that could
be accounted for during fault-finding. Finally it is argued that the F-S and D-I dimensions should be recognized as measures
of ability, not style. Future research should be directed at identifying between subject differences on fault diagnosis tasks
with reference to theories of information processing. 相似文献
938.
R S Puder 《Psychology and aging》1988,3(2):204-207
This study explored the effectiveness, in terms of age of the client, of a 10-week cognitive-behavioral group therapy (stress inoculation training) for chronic pain. A total of 69 outpatients between the ages of 27 and 80 (M = 52.74 years, SD = 14.40) with diverse types of chronic pain were assigned randomly to immediate or wait-list-delayed therapy. Self-report measures of pain, activities, coping, and the use of medications and other physical pain control techniques were obtained at baseline, during therapy, and at 1- and 6-month follow-up. Treatment decreased the degree to which pain interfered with activity, increased ability to cope with pain, and decreased use of some medications and other physical treatments. It had little effect on perceived pain intensity. Gains were maintained through 6-month follow-up. Age was unrelated to outcome. Stress inoculation training appears to be an effective method of ameliorating the interference of chronic pain with the daily activities of life for adults of all ages. 相似文献
939.
Anthony J. Goreczny Phillip J. Brantley Ray R. Buss William F. Waters 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1988,10(3):259-267
Although stress and anxiety have long been assumed to play an exacerbatory role in asthma, no study has systematically documented that daily exacerbations of asthma symptoms are related to stress and/or anxiety. In this study, 24 airways obstruction patients (12 asthmatics and 12 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients) were instructed to monitor the severity of daily respiratory symptoms. In addition, subjects recorded their daily anxiety level and the number and perceived impact of daily stressors. The results showed that although there were differences between high- and low-stress days for both groups, there were no differences between groups on symptom severity or between high- and low-anxiety days, as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Thus, although the number and impact of daily stressors were found to be directly associated with the severity of asthma symptoms, anxiety does not appear to have a direct role in the exacerbation of asthma. The findings failed to support the anxiety theory of asthma but provided an explanation for the poor results obtained in previous treatment studies which employed anxiety management with asthmatics. 相似文献
940.
Gregory J. Boyle 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1988,10(3):205-215
Two multidimensional mood-state inventories, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Eight State Questionnaire (8SQ), were administered to 289 Australian college undergraduates. Intercorrelations for the combined 14 subscales were subjected to a higher-order factor analysis in order to elucidate the central clinical states within the mood-state sphere. Results suggested four major state dimensions pertaining to Neuroticism, Hostility/Anger, Vigor, and a combined Extroversion/Arousal-Fatigue entity. Both three- and five-factor solutions were taken out for comparative purposes. Furthermore, separate higher-order factorings of the POMS on normative samples of 350 male and 650 female psychiatric outpatients were conducted, corroborating three of the four central state dimensions, at least in the case of females. The implications of these findings for behavioral assessment are discussed.This study was supported by a Research Development Grant awarded to the author by the University of Melbourne. 相似文献