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191.
Rats were allowed to forage in a simulated natural environment made up of eight food sources (patches) each containing a fixed number of pellets. Two of the eight contained an extra supply of peanuts. The peanut patches were signaled by an olfactory/visual cue located at the bottom of the ladder leading to the patch. In successive phases the number of sessions per day, height of the patches, and availability of peanuts were manipulated. Subjects showed evidence of discrimination learning under these conditions, although the degree of discriminatory behavior varied as a function of environmental manipulations. Assessment of behavior within foraging sessions showed that subjects systematically changed their patterns of utilization of patches across time. Sampling or exploration, as well as food reinforcement, seem implicated in these results. 相似文献
192.
The present experiments were designed to teach pigeons to discriminate two locations represented by color photographs. Two sets of photographs were taken at two distinctive locations on a university campus. These sets represented several standpoints at each location. For the true-discrimination group, pictures from the two locations were differentially associated with reward; for the pseudodiscrimination group, half of the views from each location were arbitrarily but consistently associated with reward. The former group acquired the discrimination much more rapidly. These birds also showed good transfer to new views from the standpoints used in training and to a new standpoint at each location not used in training. In a second experiment, another group of pigeons could terminate any training trial by pecking an “advance” key. Three of 4 subjects used this option to reduce the duration of trials in which pictures from the negative location were presented. These data suggest that pigeons can integrate views shown in pictures into a “concept” of a location. The method used here may be the experimental analogue of a common, natural process by which animals learn to identify locations. 相似文献
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在跳台上,用自制“全圆弹性跳台开关”和记时器对国家体操少年优秀选手17人和儿童体操初学者20人的复制跳跃腾时的准确性、左右转体的均称性、复制腾时的迁移与干扰、运动节奏、快转90°和慢转90°的腾时时距和角度误差进行测定,根据公式: 慢转体腾时-快转体腾时(即时距)×(1-角误均数/100)=时空指数,求得每位被试的“时空指数”。以探讨体操运动员自我时机控制能力的某些因素中,哪些是潜在的,哪些是习得的,二者又如何协同发展。明确它,以便帮助运动员养成与发展自我时机控制能力问题。 相似文献
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感觉寻求的人格特质及在临床上的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文简要介绍了感觉寻求人格特质的近代研究。这一理论及其测量方法(SSS)起始于苏格曼(M.Zuckerman)有关感觉剥夺的实验研究,其意图在于测定最佳刺激水平的个体差异。本文回顾了近代研究文献,评述了(1)感觉寻求量表Ⅰ至Ⅴ的发展情况及四个分量表的意义,(2)量表的信度和效度的研究,(3)精神分裂症和其它精神障碍的感觉寻求特点,(4)饮用酒精、吸烟及生活紧张易感性的研究。本课题将有助于正常和异常人格的研究,并提供了对行为的新看法。 相似文献
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August Dvorak is best known for his development of the Dvorak keyboard. However, Dvorak also adapted and applied many behavioral and scientific management techniques to the field of education. Taken collectively, these techniques are representative of many of the procedures currently used in applied behavior analysis, in general, and especially in precision teaching. The failure to consider Dvorak's instructional methods may explain some of the discrepant findings in studies which compare the efficiency of the Dvorak to the standard keyboard. This article presents a brief background on the development of the standard (QWERTY) and Dvorak keyboards, describes parallels between Dvorak's teaching procedures and those used in precision teaching, reviews some of the comparative research on the Dvorak keyboard, and suggests some implications for further research in applying the principles of behavior analysis. 相似文献
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学术界对翻译问题谈论得很多.作家乐意谈、职业翻译家当然也乐意谈,甚至语言学家也要对这种同最古老的文化一样历史悠久的活动说上几句.我们愿意在这里提出一些看法,这些看法对于这个经常谈论的问题来说虽然并非完全有新意,但至少是利用了翻译工作者长期研究和实践的一些成果,我们希望这些看法能够指出一些对于展开进一步讨论有所裨益的方向.我们首先要做的,只是要探讨"翻译"这个概念本身的含义,要象所有的职业语言学家那样进行这方面的探讨——显然过去不常这样做——,也就是说,研究这一概念所表现的一种或多种形式.在这里,一项认真的研究可以 相似文献