用伦理学的标准改革医疗保健制度──加拿大人的经验

用伦理学的标准改革医疗保健制度──加拿大人的经验ＥｌｉｚａｂｅｔｈＭ．ＤａｖｉｓＲ．Ｓ．ＭＥｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅＤｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ马锦平,李义庭译马克·吐温曾说：“行善是高尚的,告诉他人行善愈加高尚,且会免去诸多烦恼。”作为以医疗保健改革的伦理学为着眼点的...     

浅论医疗实践中的言辞修养

浅论医疗实践中的言辞修养湖北宜昌医学专科学校（４４３００１）朱莉,刘明君作为一种社会文化现象,语言是人们互通信息、交流思想的行为方式。现代医学实践表明,医师的言辞修养在其医疗活动中的作用变得越来越明显。如果我们把治病救人看作是医疗实践中的内容和目的,...     

人格在高考压力下畸变——高中生绑架残杀小学童案凶手性格分析

本文拟通过对南阳地区首例绑架残杀学童的高中生性格悲剧因素进行探析,以期引起社会、家庭、学校的关注,从预防犯罪、有利于青少年健康成长的角度出发,吁请社会、家庭、学校重视青少年人格教育,并在青少年接受教育的过程中,为他们补上性格修养这一重要课程。     

美国福音派神学院和教会访问印象记

今年九月间,应美国洛杉矶基督教人才交流机构的邀请,由全国两会海外关系委员会组团,全国两会派出一个中国基督教神学教育代表团,访问了美国的福音派神学院和教会,归来的途中还访问了香港的七所神学院校。访问团成员来自于全国八所神学院,他们是浙江省两会的邓福村牧师、浙江神学院院长孙锡培牧师、四川神学院董事会董事长华长吉先生、安徽神学院副院长项建华牧师、福建神学院副院长林志华牧师、东北神学院副院长沈光玮牧师、山东神学院副教务长李洪玉牧师、华东神学院教师姚民权牧师、金陵神学院教师阚保平牧师。以下刊登三篇访问感想。     

Rotational and translational components of motion parallax: observers' sensitivity and implications for three-dimensional computer graphics

The motion of objects during motion parallax can be decomposed into 2 observer-relative components: translation and rotation. The depth ratio of objects in the visual field is specified by the inverse ratio of their angular displacement (from translation) or equivalently by the inverse ratio of their rotations. Despite the equal mathematical status of these 2 information sources, it was predicted that observers would be far more sensitive to the translational than rotational component. Such a differential sensitivity is implicitly assumed by the computer graphics technique billboarding, in which 3-dimensional (3-D) objects are drawn as planar forms (i.e., billboards) maintained normal to the line of sight. In 3 experiments, observers were found to be consistently less sensitive to rotational anomalies. The implications of these findings for kinetic depth effect displays and billboarding techniques are discussed.     

Procuring organs from a non-heart-beating cadaver: commentary on a case report

Procurement of organs from non-heart-beating cadaver donors raises concerns. Standards for optimal patient care during withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy are evolving and continue to be debated and studied. Consensus on specific procedures and methods has not been attained, however, and protocols for the procurement of organs from patients following the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies may compromise the evolving standards and harm the patient and the attendant family. In addition, there is little evidence to suggest that such protocols will significantly increase the number of organs procured. "Non-heart-beating cadaver" protocols that do not give comprehensive attention to optimal patient/family care at the time of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy ought not to be endorsed.     

Children's capacity to agree to psychological research: knowledge of risks and benefits and voluntariness

A series of studies investigated the capacity of children between the ages of 7 and 12 to give free and informed consent to participation in psychological research. Children were reasonably accurate in describing the purpose of studies, but many did not understand the possible benefits or especially the possible risks of participating. In several studies children's consent was not affected by the knowledge that their parents had given their permission or by the parents saying that they would not be upset if the children refused. In contrast, other studies found that children were much more likely to stop their participation if the experimenter said explicitly that she would not be upset if they stopped. We suggest that experimenters should pay more attention to describing the possible risks and benefits of participation in research, and that they should also make it clearer to children that they are free to stop once they have begun.     

Effects of test anxiety, ego stress, and attentional skills training on arithmetic reasoning: An experimental evaluation of a brief counseling strategy

Abstract Two hundred forty high school students (120 male and 120 female) in India performed a moderately difficult multiple choice Arithmetic Reasoning task after undergoing short-term (40 minutes) cognitive treatment in the form of Attentional Skills Training. A 2 × 2 × 2 (Test Anxiety x Attentional Skills Training x Stress) design with separate analysis for boys and girls indicated these results: with intervention the high anxiety subjects under ego stress conditions, compared to their high-anxious control, low-anxious ego stress, or low-anxious control counterparts, reported the maximum significant improvement in performance on the Arithmetic Reasoning test. The low-anxiety subjects performed consistently well with or without treatment or stress conditions. The findings shed new light on the attentional theory of test anxiety, and it was reasoned that long-term effects of cognitive treatment be studied by using varied performance tasks (difficulty level controlled) on different gender and age groups across cultures.     

教师评分用语词义赋值特征的分析

本研究运用模糊统计试验方法对教师的六组定性的评分用语词 (符号 )进行了经验赋值。参加赋值的是 2 66名小学教师。结果表明 ,六组评分用语词 (符号 )都是模糊概念 ,其中每种评分方式中处于最高等级的词 (符号 )的模糊度最小 ,处于中间等级的词 (符号 )的模糊度居中 ,处于最低等级的词 (符号 )的模糊度最大。词 (符号 )义的模糊度与评价的把握度呈现负相关 ,即词 (符号 )义越具体 ,模糊度越小 ,赋值的把握度就越大 ;反之 ,词义越含混 ,模糊度越大 ,赋值的把握度就越小。教师对各种评分用语词 (符号 )的赋值受百分制的“及格—不及格”的划分的影响 ,受评分方式中等级数目的影响 ,即增加评分等级会减少评分用语词 (符号 )的模糊度 ,增加赋值的把握度 ,还受评分用语词 (符号 )本身数量特征的影响。在各种评分方式中 ,评语词 (符号 )在心理量表上的距离是不等的。本研究的结果对教育评价的实践具有一定的参考价值。