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961.
ABSTRACT Biomedical experimentation on animals is justified, researchers say, because of its enormous benefits to human beings. Sure, animals suffer and die, but that is morally insignificant since the benefits of research incalculably outweigh the evils. Although this utilitarian claim appears straightforward and relatively uncontroversial, it is neither straightforward nor uncontroversial. This defence of animal experimentation is likely to succeed only by rejecting three widely held moral presumptions. We identify these assumptions and explain their relevance to the justification of animal experimentation. We argue that, even if non-human animals have considerably less moral worth than humans, experimentation is justified only if the benefits are overwhelming. By building on and expanding on arguments offered in earlier papers, we show that researchers cannot substantiate their claims on behalf of animal research. We conclude that there is currently no acceptable utilitarian defence of animal experimentation. Moreover, it is unlikely that there could be one. Since most apologists of animal experimentation rely on utilitarian justifications of their practice, it appears that biomedical experimentation on animals is not morally justified . 相似文献
962.
就负荷水平和信息输入形式、输出形式对视觉追踪作业心理负荷评估指标敏感性的影响进行了实验.获得以下主要结果:①主任务绩效具有较好的评估敏感性;②作业信息输入形式、输出形式对评估指标敏感性有显著影响. 相似文献
963.
Mentor relationships and the career development of pregnant and parenting African-American teenagers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The influence of natural mentor relationships on the career outlook of African-American pregnant and parenting teenagers was examined. More than half of the participants nominated adults they considered to be mentors. A path model indicated that mentor support was associated with increased life optimism, beyond its indirect effects on career activities and beliefs about the opportunity structure. These findings suggest that natural mentors are an important resource in the career developmnent of pregnant and parenting African-American adolescents. 相似文献
964.
在微机上编制能产生动态随机点立体图(DRDS),亮暗类棋盘格和随机点背景三种图形刺激的软件.记录了34例正常人在这三种刺激下的VBP.其结果为:(1)DRDS刺激下的VEPN1波潜伏期为265±25ms,基波能量占总交流能量的63.2±18.9%.(2)亮暗类棋盘格刺激下的VEPN1波的潜伏期为190±22ms,基波能量占总交流能量的39.2±19.6%.(3)随机点背景刺激下的VEP波则为一些杂乱的小波.结果提示:动态RDS刺激下的VEP除在潜伏期方面具有特异性外,并在谐波的能量分布上也具有特异性,且客观性更强.根据这些特征有助于对立体视觉功能进行客观性评价. 相似文献
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966.
Scientists of the Human Genome Project tend to rely on three metaphors to describe their work, each of which implicitly tells much the same story. Whether they claim to interpret the ultimate “book,” to fix a flawed “machine,” or to map a mysterious “wilderness,” they invariably cast the researcher as one who dominates and exploits the Other. This essay, which explores the ways such a story conflicts with feminist values, proposes an alternative. 相似文献
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