"后基因时代"的哲学反思

结构基因组学与功能基因组学的划分,割裂了"结构与功能"的辩证关系,实践上容易造成结构基因组学大功告成的误解."后基因时代"的提法,在科研思维方式上还容易误导人们追新逐热,急功近利.这种提法也是医药企业追逐商业利润的产物.     

A multi-factorial framework for understanding reckless driving—appraisal indicators and perceived environmental determinants

The current study adopted an approach, in which reckless driving is perceived as related to both personal and environmental factors. Young drivers (N = 295) reported on reckless driving related threat and challenge appraisals, their perceived control over reckless driving, their disregard for negative consequences of this specific behavior, positive feedback received on their driving, environmental driving-climate and negative driving modeling. The dependent measure was self-reported frequency of reckless driving. Findings indicated that challenge and self-efficacy appraisals, along with negative environmental influences were related to higher frequency of risky driving, whereas threat appraisals, as well as positive feedback, were related to a lower frequency of reckless driving. In addition, whereas for men, self-efficacy in driving strongly predicted reckless driving, disregard for negative consequences was an important predictor for women. The results are discussed in view of an evaluating process of personal cognitive-emotional resources and environmental support proposed by Lazarus. Recommendations are made regarding the potential effectiveness of using positive appeals in prevention interventions.     

Is the Meaning of Life Also the Meaning of Death? A Terror Management Perspective Reply

The human quality of self-awareness makes individuals aware of their inventible death. How does this knowledge influence meaning in life and is influenced by it? Four studies examined the association between meaning in life and awareness of death, through a Terror Management Theory perspective. Study 1 assessed the effects of a mortality reminder on self-reports of meaning in life, while exploring the moderating role of self-esteem. The findings indicate a trend in which after a mortality salience induction, high self-esteem individuals tend to view their lives as more meaningful. Studies 2 and 3 examined the effect of thinking about the meaning of life on death-thought accessibility, and found it to be higher in both the mortality and meaning salience conditions, as compared to a control condition. Study 4 sought to discover whether reminders of one’s meaning in life would yield cultural worldview validation, and indeed revealed a more severe perception of social transgressions following both mortality and meaning salience. Findings highlight the understanding that meaning in life is a basic existential concept closely related to awareness of death’s inevitability.     

多维度审视和灵活运用教科书

以教科书为基础充实和完善教学内容的构建,包括纵向、横向、斜向的多维度审视教材;以实践的丰富性、学术期刊的新颖性和国外教材形式的多样性对教材内容与形式的充实与调整;以及共性教材的个性化的选择、客观知识的主观理解和认识、抽象的科学性知识具体活化的加工整理等,以实现全面提升教师的综合能力和教学水平。     

对“残婴安乐死”的伦理审视

在对“残婴安乐死”的伦理学理论考察中,从目的论思维方法的角度来看,出于婴儿自身利益为优先考虑的安乐死行为具有道德合理性。而持义务论的人通常对其持反对态度。“残婴安乐死”作为一种特殊的具体的道德情境处于义务论进行道德评价的推理逻辑的有效范围之外,因此我们应该坚持从目的论立场来看“残婴安乐死”的本性：一种本质为善的“必要恶”。     

哲学对劳动价值理论研究的关注--兼与张华夏教授的价值主客观二重性的讨论

本文在张华夏教授关于一般价值概念的基础上,提出了价值概念不仅要重视价值客体属性的状态特征,也要关注它的过程特征,从而发展了一般价值概念的结构。经济学中,四种经济价值理论分布在一般价值概念结构的不同位置上,劳动价值理论处于核心位置。是硬核。传统经济理论的危机和人力资本理论的兴起,说明理论界对劳动价值理论这个硬核的研究还是很不够的,同时从我国理论界当前的研究成果来看,马克思的劳动价值理论还有进一步发展的巨大潜力。     

0―1.5岁婴儿表征能力的研究概述

就0-1.5岁婴儿的知识表征方面,该文主要介绍了国外的一些研究成果,指出婴儿的表征能力由感知表征向意义表征发展.即使很小的婴儿都已经有了相当复杂的表征能力,能初步感知典型的变化,识别不同种类物体的物体,表征事物与事物之间的空间关系、数量关系、因果关系等,对动因有一定的理解,并逐渐形成概念和图示     

马克思每个人自由而全面发展思想的四个维度

马克思每个人自由而全面发展的理论内蕴着四个维度的内涵：人类的历史发展导向每个人自由而全面发展;个人自由发展的普遍性和全面性;从虚幻的集体到真实的集体的发展;建立在“共同占有的基础上”“重新建立个人所有制”的基础上。     

论虚概念

把外延理解为“具有概念所反映的特有属性的客观事物(或类)”,导致“虚概念没有外延”或“有外延但是空类”此类有问题的结论,应该理解为由概念(思维)中的对象组成;而把虚概念理解为“所指称的对象不存在于客观世界的概念”,又导致把理想模型等科学概念当成虚概念,实际上,对象有虚实,属性也有虚实。实对象、实属性,是无异议的实概念;虚对象、实属性,也是实概念,如思维科学中的概念;实对象、虚属性,是虚概念,如“地心说”中的概念;虚对象、虚属性,是公认的虚概念,如鬼魂。可见,无论对象虚实,只要所指称的对象的主要特征所反映的属性是非客观的概念就是虚概念。     

论阿多诺视域中的一段现象学公案

同一段现象学描述,在胡塞尔那里意味着同一性和直接性,而阿多诺却从中发现了非同一性、中介性、缺席性、他者性和剩余性这些与后现代思想相关的特质。但是,互文性的分析表明,这些特质的首倡者恰恰不是阿多诺而是胡塞尔。阿多诺的分析与批驳,胡塞尔的凸现与“辩护”,恰恰透露了辩证法与现象学的不同旨趣。