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221.
Villejoubert G Vallée-Tourangeau F 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2012,65(3):541-552
When faced with two competing hypotheses, people sometimes prefer to look at multiple sources of information in support of one hypothesis rather than to establish the diagnostic value of a single piece of information for the two hypotheses. This is termed pseudodiagnostic reasoning and has often been understood to reflect, among other things, poor information search strategies. Past research suggests that diagnostic reasoning may be more easily fostered when participants seek data to help in the selection of one of two competing courses of action as opposed to situations where they seek data to help infer which of two competing hypotheses is true. In the experiment reported here, we provide the first empirical evidence demonstrating that manipulating the relevance of the feature for which participants initially receive information determines whether they will make a nominally diagnostic or pseudodiagnostic selection. The discussion of these findings focuses on implications for the ability to engage in diagnostic hypothesis testing. 相似文献
222.
In previous work done in our laboratory, we have investigated the perceived pitch class of isolated musical triads. We have found that as the amount of musical training increased, listeners perceptions progress, from very confused percepts of pitch class, to analytic percepts corresponding to the pitch class of the highest note in the triad, and finally to synthetic percepts corresponding to the root note for the more harmonic triad types. In the present work, we used a pitch matching technique to determine the actual pitch, rather than merely the pitch class, perceived when listeners analytically "hear out" a particular note in a major triad. There was a strong tendency for the pitch of the analytically perceived note to be displaced by as much as 60 cents in the direction of the other notes in the triad. The magnitude of this effect decreased as musical training increased, and it was also affected by the relative salience of the individual triad notes. These results have implications for the mechanism of triad perception, and for claims regarding the harmonic equivalence of triad inversions. 相似文献
223.
224.
W.W Ronan J.M Cobb T.L Garrett J.D Lazarri D.R Mosser A.E Racine 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1974,5(1):157-160
Investigation of mental health and job satisfaction by means of Kornhauser's (1965) questionnaire appears to demonstrate the existence of at least six factors concerned with personal life adjustment. There was a failure to find any substantial relationship between mental health and job satisfaction over a fairly wide occupational distribution which confirms a finding by the previously cited Survey Research Center study 1970. It is hypothesized that the mental health-job satisfaction relationship exists only on the lower skill, routine work level. It is further suggested that these research results offer certain directions that might be pursued in the further understanding of the exact bases for both job and general life adjustment. 相似文献
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227.
NATACHA GODBOUT DONALD G. DUTTON YVAN LUSSIER STÉPHANE SABOURIN 《Personal Relationships》2009,16(3):365-384
The present study investigates the effects of violent experiences in childhood on current domestic violence and marital adjustment, using adult attachment theory as a conceptual framework. A nonclinical sample of 644 Canadian adults in long‐term romantic relationships completed measures of adult romantic attachment, conflict tactics scales, and dyadic adjustment. Structural equation modeling revealed that early experiences of violence affect adults' intimate violence directly and indirectly through anxiety over abandonment and avoidance of intimacy. The actor–partner interdependence model illustrated the importance of early exposure to violence in predicting both partners' attachment representations, intimate violence, and couple adjustment. Findings are discussed with reference to the clinical issues surrounding minor violence against the intimate partner. 相似文献
228.
Dupéré V Lacourse E Willms JD Vitaro F Tremblay RE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(6):1035-1045
Because youth gangs tend to cluster in disadvantaged neighborhoods, adolescents living in such neighborhoods are more likely
to encounter opportunities to join youth gangs. However, in the face of these opportunities, not all adolescents respond in
the same manner. Those with preexisting psychopathic tendencies might be especially likely to join. In this study, we tested
whether a combination of individual propensity and facilitating neighborhood conditions amplifies the probabilities of youth
gang affiliation. A subset of 3,522 adolescents was selected from a nationally representative, prospective sample of Canadian
youth. Psychopathic tendencies (i.e., a combination of high hyperactivity, low anxiety, and low prosociality as compared to
national norms) were assessed through parent reports, while neighborhood characteristics (i.e., concentrated economic disadvantage
and residential instability) were derived from the 2001 Census of Canada. Our results indicated that neighborhood residential
instability, but not neighborhood concentrated economic disadvantage, interacted with individual propensity to predict youth
gang membership. Adolescents with preexisting psychopathic tendencies appeared especially vulnerable mainly if they were raised
in residentially unstable neighborhoods. 相似文献
229.
Gosselin P Langlois F Freeston MH Ladouceur R Laberge M Lemay D 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(2):225-233
Studies aiming to better understand worry have neglected children and adolescents. This constitutes an important limitation considering that excessive worry is frequent among adolescents and that patients suffering from excessive worries associate the beginning of their disorder with adolescence. This study evaluates the cognitive variables associated with worry in a sample of 777 adolescents. It attempts to determine whether cognitive avoidance and false beliefs about the usefulness of worries are present and associated with worries in adolescence. The results showed that participants with a high level of worry used more avoidance strategies and held more beliefs about worry. The results also revealed that avoidance of stimuli that trigger unpleasant thoughts and thought substitution were the major avoidance strategies related to worry among adolescents. The belief that worry helps to avoid future negative events was also related to worry. These findings may suggest that adolescents' worries are maintained by processes similar to those observed among adults. 相似文献
230.
Attachment,trust, and satisfaction in relationships: Investigating actor,partner, and mediating effects
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Romantic relationship dissatisfaction has been cited as a primary reason for seeking mental health services (H. M. Foran, M. A. Whisman, & S. R. H. Beach, 2015). An increasing number of studies have revealed the importance of romantic attachment in understanding relationship satisfaction (M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver, 2016). This study aims to assess dyadic trust as a possible mediator of the relation between insecure romantic attachment and relationship satisfaction within a Canadian community sample of 199 heterosexual couples. Results revealed significant actor and partner effects. Specifically, male and female attachment avoidance, as well as male attachment anxiety, predicted lower dyadic trust, which in turn predicted lower relationship satisfaction. These results add to the current literature, suggesting important gender differences in the effects attachment has on overall relationship satisfaction. 相似文献