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本项研究旨在探索 5 -1 1岁儿童元认知发展的规律 ,2 80名昆明市及路南县汉、撒尼族儿童参与了三项知觉实验 ,实验结果表明 :1儿童随年龄的增长 ,有关知觉组织策略的知识及自我监察的能力也逐渐发展 ,表现为系统观察、选取有效策略及计划性的增强。 2儿童对信息的加工不断深入 ,从表浅的加工过渡到详尽的加工 ,不仅要求补充必要的信息 ,而且主动搜索隐蔽的线索以促进识辨。3儿童自我评价从笼统、含糊逐渐向客观、全面发展。4路南儿童元知觉的发展晚于昆明儿童两年 ,但在路南的汉族儿童和撒尼族儿童之间不存在显著差异 ,说明文化教育对儿童元知觉发展的重要影响。 相似文献
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Close‐knit ties through thick and thin: Sharing social exclusion and acceptance enhances social bond
Cong Gao Deming Wang Xiao‐Yan Miao Zuo‐Jun Wang Kai Qin Chan 《European journal of social psychology》2021,51(1):197-211
Three experiments investigated whether and why sharing experiences of social exclusion or social acceptance with others strengthens social bonds. Participants experienced either social exclusion or social acceptance alongside another co‐participant who either also experienced the same outcome, or experienced a different outcome, as them. Multilevel modeling results showed that participant dyads who shared the experience of social exclusion or social acceptance felt closer to each other than those who experienced different outcomes, and that perceived similarity mediated the effect of shared experiences on social bonds. Interestingly, participants felt closer to one another after having shared social acceptance, more so than when they have shared social exclusion. Implications of the present findings are interpreted in light of theories of social exclusion, shared experiences, and social bonding. 相似文献
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Are Decisions Made by Group Representatives More Risk Averse? The Effect of Sense of Responsibility 下载免费PDF全文
We tested the hypothesis that a sense of responsibility drives group representatives' decisions to be more risk averse compared with decisions made by individuals. The hypothesis was supported when the monetary considerations (i.e., payoff inequality and the magnitude effect) were controlled for in the potential gain domain as well as in the potential loss domain. Evidence showed that this is because the group representatives were concerned about how they would view themselves (e.g., guilt and self‐blame) and also how they would be viewed by others (i.e., to avoid being blamed and looked down upon by others). This study provided new insights into understanding group representatives' decision making under risk. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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We show that perceived size of visual stimuli can be altered by matches between the contents of visual short-term memory and stimuli in the scene. Observers were presented with a colour cue (to hold in working memory or to merely identify) and subsequently had to indicate which of the two different-coloured objects presented simultaneously on the screen appeared bigger (or smaller). One of the two objects for size judgements had the same colour as the cue (matching stimulus) and the other did not (mismatching stimulus). Perceived object size was decreased by the reappearance of the recently seen cue, as there were more size judgement errors on trials where the matching stimulus was physically bigger (relative to the mismatching stimulus) than on trials where the matching stimulus was physically smaller. The effect occurred regardless of whether the visual cue was actively maintained in working memory or was merely identified. The effect was unlikely generated by the allocation of attention, because shifting attention to a visual stimulus actually increased its perceived size. The findings suggest that visual short-term memory, whether explicit or implicit, can decrease the perceived size of subsequent visual stimuli. 相似文献
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大鱼小池效应(Big Fish Little Pond Effect)是解释不同教育情境中学生自我概念水平的一个特定概念,Marsh将其定义为:能力同等的学生,在平均成绩较高的学校或班级里的学业自我概念较低,而在平均成绩较低的学校或班级则学业自我概念会较高。大鱼小池效应包括学生采用概括他人和特定他人的比较标准所分别产生的同化效应和对比效应,社会比较对学业自我概念形成具有特定影响。大鱼小池效应的未来研究可以从研究方法的改进、调节变量的控制和跨文化比较等方面拓展。 相似文献
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以肖邦音乐为刺激材料,采用数字n-back实验范式来研究肖邦音乐对工作记忆的影响方式,并通过运用事件相关电位技术(ERP技术),研究不同音乐条件下,正常人大脑皮层的脑电活动情况,进而探讨音乐对工作记忆影响的神经机制。30名被试参加了3种音乐条件(无音乐、先导音乐、背景音乐)下的n-back(n=1、2)工作记忆任务的行为实验,收集行为数据;14名被试参加了同样实验过程的ERP实验,记录脑电数据。行为结果发现音乐条件对工作记忆效果有显著影响,且先导音乐条件下记忆效果最好;脑电结果显示P3波幅随记忆负荷的增加呈下降趋势,高记忆负荷水平下,P3波幅随先导音乐、背景音乐、无音乐的顺序逐渐呈现下降趋势;源定位分析发现音乐对工作记忆的促进作用可能跟大脑顶叶被激活有关。 相似文献
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情境与互动:人际互倚及其模 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
人际互倚理论主要关注群体中个体之间的相互依附关系。文章介绍了互倚理论的历史发展,论述了人际互倚理论发展中研究方法的改进:从结果矩阵到转换细目表。方法的改进推动了重视情境的人际互倚情境模式的发展,使人际互倚理论从研究静态人际互倚关系转向研究动态人际互倚的转换过程。该文还对人际互倚研究进行了评价和展望 相似文献
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浅议道教养生及对当代社会的积极意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
道教养生的理论和实践,源起于春秋战国时代,东汉末年张道陵创立道教以后,道教的养生术得到了不断地提高和发展。道教养生术同中华民族传统的医药卫生科学,有着一定的联系和传承关系。随着历史的前进与进步,不断完善和发展的道教养生术,在人类社会中正日益发挥着积极的影响和作用。道教养生目标的实质道教认为,生活在宇宙大自然中的人类,在与大自然的抗衡斗争中,是强者,是可以长寿的,是能够主宰自己命运的。老子《道德经》中说:“死而不亡者寿”、“玄牝之门,是谓天地根”等论述都是这个意思。道教的先辈们也不乏通过养生而长寿的人。道教的… 相似文献
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认知风格对不同类型几何问题解决的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过镶嵌图形测验(EFT),在初中学生中选了不同认知风格的被试,限时考查被试对不同类型几何问题的解决。结果表明:新问题与所学内容相似性会影响中学生几何问题解决的成绩;认知风格不同类型在几何问题解决中存在显著差异,在与所学内容相似性高的新问题解决中,场依存性学生的成绩显著地高于场独立性的学生。 相似文献