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Nicolas Fay Andrew C. Page Crystal Serfaty Vivien Tai Christopher Winkler 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(6):1160-1165
Speakers systematically overestimate their communication effectiveness (Keysar & Henly, 2002). We argue that doing so is adaptive,
reducing the risk of social anxiety and withdrawal from social situations. This hypothesis was tested by having speakers who
scored low and high for fear of negative evaluation (FNE), a hallmark of social phobia, attempt to convey a specific meaning
of ambiguous statements to a listener and then estimate their communication effectiveness. Low-FNE speakers consistently overestimated
their effectiveness, expecting the listener to understand their intended meaning more often than listeners actually did. In
contrast, high-FNE speakers’ estimates of communication effectiveness were consistent with the listener’s actual understanding.
Signal detection analysis revealed that low- and high-FNE speakers were equally able to discriminate communication success
from failure, but low-FNE speakers exhibited a stronger positive response bias. In conclusion, overestimating one’s communication
effectiveness is adaptive, and accurate estimation is associated with dysfunction. 相似文献
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Nicolas Fay Andrew C Page Crystal Serfaty 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(4):689-692
People have an exaggerated sense of self-efficacy. This paper investigates the mechanism behind speakers’ tendency to overestimate their communication efficacy. Two competing mechanisms were tested: intrapersonal and interpersonal. Speakers communicated a series of ambiguous statements to a co-present or absent listener and then estimated their success. Speakers overestimated their ability to communicate their intended message (relative to listeners’ actual comprehension of their message) when a listener was co-present, but not when a listener was absent. Our findings support an interpersonal explanation of speakers’ perceived communication efficacy. 相似文献
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Journal of Religion and Health - This study evaluates the nature and intensity of anxiety, interpretations of the COVID-19 pandemic and coping modalities of hospitalized patients with mental... 相似文献
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Marc Serfaty Roz Shafran Victoria Vickerstaff Trefor Aspden 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2020,49(5):347-360
ABSTRACT Measuring therapists’ adherence to treatment manuals is recommended for evaluating treatment integrity, yet ways to do this are poorly defined, time consuming, and costly. The aims of the study were to develop a Therapy Component Checklist (TCC) to measure adherence to manualised CBT; to test its application in research and clinical practice; to determine its validity; and consider its cost benefits. We conducted a randomised trial in 230 people with cancer evaluating effectiveness of CBT for depression. In this, therapists delivered manualised treatment. Experts agreed on key components of therapy and therapists were asked to record these after therapy sessions by ticking a TCC. Inter-rater reliability was tested using an independent rater. Therapists delivered 543 CBT sessions. TCCs were completed in 293, of which 39 were assessed by the independent rater. Self-reported TCC data suggested close adherence to the manual. Prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa scores suggested substantial agreement, (>0.60) in 38 out of 46 items. Self-rating of adherence saved around £96 per rating. In conclusion the TCC provides a quick and cost effective way of evaluating the components of therapy delivered. This approach could be applied to other psychological treatments and may help with linking therapeutic interventions with outcome. 相似文献
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