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Are theories of learning necessary? 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
SKINNER BF 《Psychological review》1950,57(4):193-216
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MICHAEL T. WILLOUGHBY R. JEAN CADIGAN MARGARET BURCHINAL DEBRA SKINNER 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2008,47(1):147-159
This study evaluates the psychometric properties and criterion validity of the Religious Social Support (RSS) Scale in a diverse, representative community sample of new mothers ( N = 1,156). Results indicated that two factors best represented the RSS. Criterion validity was established by demonstrating that the RSS was associated with relational and health outcomes. However, these associations were reduced to statistical insignificance once a general measure of social support was included as a covariate. There were no indications that race moderated either the psychometric properties of the RSS or the relationships between social support and outcomes. Qualitative analyses indicated that religious social support is a salient construct in the lives of women that we studied and suggested ways to improve future developments of RSS scales. 相似文献
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JANE SKINNER 《Metaphilosophy》2006,37(1):74-91
Abstract: This article challenges the neo‐Darwinist physicalist position assumed by currently prevalent naturalizing accounts of consciousness. It suggests instead an evolutionary (Deweyan) understanding of cognitive emergence and an acceptance of mental capacity as a phenomenon in its own right, differing qualitatively from, although not independent of, the physical and material world. I argue that if we accept that consciousness is an adaptation enabling survival through immediate individual intuition of the world, we may accept this metaphysics as a given. Methodological focus can then shift to investigating the, as yet untheorized, nature of consciousness itself as capacity/interconnectivity/potential. The article accepts Joseph Margolis's recent advocacy of a pragmatist approach that is “natural but not naturalizable” ( Margolis 2002 , 7), that is, an anti‐reductionist as opposed to an eliminativist position, but it seeks to develop this position further and to give it new direction. 相似文献
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Superstition in the pigeon 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
SKINNER BF 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》1948,38(2):168-172
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