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1.
Defense mechanisms in alexithymia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Polish version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 and Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire were completed by 387 university students. Scores on alexithymia correlate significantly with scores on the whole group of 12 immature defenses (Pearson r = .39, p < .001) and with scores on such individual immature defense mechanisms as Autistic Fantasy (r = .39), Somatization (r = .37), Projection (r = .32), and Displacement (r = .32). These results support other findings indicating that alexithymia is significantly associated with immature ego defenses. 相似文献
2.
Marcinkowska Anna B. Mankowska Natalia D. Kot Jacek Winklewski Pawel J. 《Neuropsychology review》2022,32(1):99-126
Neuropsychology Review - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a modality of treatment in which patients inhale 100% oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber pressurised to greater than 1... 相似文献
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Pawel Kapusta 《国际科学哲学研究》2010,24(4):443-446
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Bernd Simon Pawel Mlicki Lucy Johnston Antonio Caetano Miroslaw Warowicki Ad Van Knippenberg Richard Deridder 《European journal of social psychology》1990,20(6):519-523
An experiment (n = 61) investigated the effects of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity on ingroup favouritism, stereotyping and the overestimation of relative ingroup size. As predicted, outgroup homogeneity was conducive to ingroup favouritism. Ingroup homogeneity, however, failed to influence ingroup favouritism. Also unexpectedly, asymmetry in group homogeneity — irrespective of whether the ingroup or the outgroup was the more homogeneous group — led to pronounced stereotyping of both groups and to the overestimation of relative ingroup size. 相似文献
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Emil Holas 《International journal of psychology》1970,5(4):261-267
Une analyse détaillée des données expérimentales portant sur l'apprentissage des concepts, permet de voir que la démarche réelle des sujets peut prendre plusieurs formes. Les formes les plus éloignées l'une de l'autre sont d'une part, le raisonnement strictement logique dont l'algorithme est donné par quelques règles élémentaires, et d'autre part, le tâtonnement par essais et erreurs complètement fortuits. Entre ces deux extrêmes qui sont plus des abstractions que des procédés réels, on trouve beaucoup de formes qui sont des combinaisons diverses de raisonnement logique et d'essais fortuits. On peut schématiser les trajectoires des divers procédés possibles dont le plus fréquent est celui du choix d'une hypothèse dont la vérification se prolonge jusqu'au point où cette hypothèse est confirmée ou éliminée. La démarche réelle du sujet est ainsi une séquence de décisions. La question centrale qui reste à résoudre est celle des facteurs qui déterminent telle ou telle décision. On peut mettre ces facteurs en évidence à l'aide d'un plan expérimental spécial. Mais le choix des hypothèses et leur vérification n'est qu'une étape de cet apprentissage qui peut facilement devenir un apprentissage au sens le plus étroit du terme, à savoir l'apprentissage de l'algorithme (du raisonnement déductif) de l'apprentissage des concepts. 相似文献
6.
A new machine learning approach known as motivated learning (ML) is presented in this work. Motivated learning drives a machine to develop abstract motivations and choose its own goals. ML also provides a self-organizing system that controls a machine’s behavior based on competition between dynamically-changing pain signals. This provides an interplay of externally driven and internally generated control signals. It is demonstrated that ML not only yields a more sophisticated learning mechanism and system of values than reinforcement learning (RL), but is also more efficient in learning complex relations and delivers better performance than RL in dynamically-changing environments. In addition, this paper shows the basic neural network structures used to create abstract motivations, higher level goals, and subgoals. Finally, simulation results show comparisons between ML and RL in environments of gradually increasing sophistication and levels of difficulty. 相似文献
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Fudalej S Ilgen M Fudalej M Kostrzewa G Barry K Wojnar M Krajewski P Blow F Ploski R 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2010,40(6):553-560
The association between suicide and a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1386483) was examined in the recently identified tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene. Blood samples of 143 suicide victims and 162 age- and sex-matched controls were examined. The frequency of the TT genotype in the TPH2 polymorphism was higher in suicide victims than in controls (17.5% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.02), particularly in those with a history of repeated suicide attempts (53.3% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.0001). The examined TPH2 polymorphism was found to be associated with suicide. This genetic marker may be particularly important in understanding risk of multiple suicide attempts. Further analyses are needed to confirm these results. 相似文献
9.
Paweł Holas Izabela Krejtz Marzena Rusanowska Natalia Rohnka John B. Nezlek 《Cognition & emotion》2019,33(6):1277-1283
The present study examined relationships between attention to negative words and daily rumination and daily adjustment in a sample of clinically depressed individuals. We recorded eye movements of 43 individuals diagnosed with major depression while they were freely viewing dysphoric, threat-related, neutral, and positive words. Then, each day for one week, participants provided measures of their daily rumination and psychological adjustment. Multilevel analyses found that attention to dysphoric and threat-related words was positively related to daily rumination and attention to threat-related words was negatively related to daily adjustment. These findings suggest that the impaired ability to disengage from negative words is positively related to rumination in daily life and is negatively related to well-being, as defined in terms of Beck’s Triad. 相似文献
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Pawel Lewicki 《European journal of social psychology》1984,14(2):183-190
The early social experiences of firstborn, laterborn, and only children were analyzed from the viewpoint of how those experiences influence the child's general image of human nature. It was hypothesized that there are some differences in the centrality of an evaluative dimension, that are related to birth order. Subjects in Poland and in the United States rated 20 known stimulus persons on 25 trait dimensions. The results supported the hypotheses and seem to point to some origins of individual differences in certain person perception processes. 相似文献