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1.
New technologies enable retailers to collect large amounts of information about consumers, which might lead to ethical issues and risks of individuals' privacy loss. However, consumers might choose to disclose information to retailers when they perceive that the information would generate more benefits for themselves rather than for the retailer. Since little research has been done to explain the role of age in disclosing personal information to third parties, the present study investigates the difference in the perception of one's own control when it comes to the usage of privacy-threatening technology depending on respondents' age. Drawing upon uses and gratification theory, the present study explores the response of consumers from four generational cohorts towards the facial recognition technology in retailing. Results reveal that the locus of control over information collected by the technology is neither related to the age of consumers nor to their knowledge of a specific technology used to collect their personal data. Instead, consumers' expected gratifications (in terms of economic and utilitarian) vary across different age groups. Implications for practitioners are discussed. 相似文献
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Object imagery refers to the ability to construct pictorial images of objects. Individuals with high object imagery (high-OI)
produce more vivid mental images than individuals with low object imagery (low-OI), and they encode and process both mental
images and visual stimuli in a more global and holistic way. In the present study, we investigated whether and how level of
object imagery may affect the way in which individuals identify visual objects. High-OI and low-OI participants were asked
to perform a visual identification task with spatially-filtered pictures of real objects. Each picture was presented at nine
levels of filtering, starting from the most blurred (level 1: only low spatial frequencies—global configuration) and gradually
adding high spatial frequencies up to the complete version (level 9: global configuration plus local and internal details).
Our data showed that high-OI participants identified stimuli at a lower level of filtering than participants with low-OI,
indicating that they were better able than low-OI participants to identify visual objects at lower spatial frequencies. Implications
of the results and future developments are discussed. 相似文献
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In two experiments, pictorial cues were compared with their verbal labels to assess their effectiveness in eliciting involuntary autobiographical memories. Cues were relatively complex in Experiment 1 (e.g., relaxing on a beach) and simple objects in Experiment 2 (e.g., a ball). In both experiments, participants went through a vigilance task in which they were presented with frequent nontarget and rare target visual stimuli. Pictures or their corresponding verbal labels were also displayed on both target and nontarget stimuli, but participants were told that these were irrelevant to the task. They were asked to interrupt the vigilance task whenever they became aware of task-unrelated mental contents and to report them. In both experiments, more involuntary memories were elicited in the verbal cue condition, rather than in the pictorial cue condition. This result is discussed in relation to previous work that highlighted the greater effectiveness of verbal cues in memory tasks. 相似文献
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Wilfley DE Vannucci A White EK 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):285-300
Obesity and other eating-related problems are widespread and are associated with harmful physical, psychological, and social
problems. The dramatic increases in rates of pediatric obesity has created a mounting need for psychologists and other mental
health care providers to play a significant role in the assessment and treatment of youth with eating- and weight-related
problems. Therefore, it is imperative for providers to be aware of the causes and consequences of eating- and weight-related
problems and to be familiar with evidence-based assessment and intervention approaches. Currently, the most well-established
intervention approaches are family-based behavioral treatments, and weight loss maintenance treatments with a socio-ecological
focus are promising. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these topics and highlights the important roles that mental
health care providers can have. Medical settings are often the patient’s first point of contact within the healthcare system,
making mental health care providers in such settings uniquely suited to assess for a broad range of eating- and weight-related
problems and associated comorbidities, to deliver relevant evidence-based interventions, and to make appropriate referrals.
Moving forward, providers and researchers must work together to address key questions related to the nature of eating- and
weight-related problems in youth and to achieve breakthroughs in the prevention and treatment of such problems in this vulnerable
population. 相似文献
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Even if mind wandering (MW) and mindfulness have traditionally been intended as separate and antithetical constructs, the roles of these 2 mental states on creative behavior were jointly explored in this article. In particular, MW was analyzed in light of a recent approach suggesting a differentiation between deliberate and spontaneous MW, whereas mindfulness was analyzed by distinguishing its 5 different constitutional dimensions: observing, acting with awareness, describing, nonreactivity, and nonjudging. The influence on creativity of these 2 mental states was analyzed using a sample of 77 undergraduate students both on a performance index (i.e., originality) and on a self-report index (i.e., creative achievement). Results showed that MW and mindfulness dimensions predicted creative behavior both alone and in combination, suggesting a complex interdependence between these 2 mental states within the creative thinking process. In particular, the critical importance of distinguishing between deliberate and spontaneous MW was revealed by a final path analysis, which revealed the opposite effects of these 2 dimensions on originality and creative achievement. That is, deliberate MW positively predicted creative performance, whereas spontaneous MW was negatively associated with such performance. Moreover, the nonreactivity and awareness dimensions of mindfulness, the latter in interaction with deliberate MW, emerged as main predictors of response originality. Finally, the describing facet of mindfulness predicted creative achievement both directly and indirectly through an interaction with deliberate MW. The implications emerging from the adoption of a multi-dimensional approach to the analysis of MW and mindfulness in the study of creativity are discussed herein. 相似文献
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Vannucci A Kass AE Sinton MM Aspen V Weisman H Bailey JO Wilfley DE Taylor CB 《Behaviour research and therapy》2012,50(6):407-414
Identifying measures that reliably and validly assess clinical impairment has important implications for eating disorder (ED) diagnosis and treatment. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) in women at high risk for ED onset. Participants were 543 women (20.6 ± 2.0 years) who were classified into one of three ED categories: clinical ED, high risk for ED onset, and low risk control. Among high risk women, the CIA demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.93) and good convergent validity with disordered eating attitudes (rs = 0.27-0.68, ps < 0.001). Examination of the CIA's discriminant validity revealed that CIA global scores were highest among women with a clinical ED (17.7 ± 10.7) followed by high risk women (10.6 ± 8.5) and low risk controls (3.0 ± 3.3), respectively (p < 0.001). High risk women reporting behavioral indices of ED psychopathology (objective and/or subjective binge episodes, purging behaviors, driven exercise, and ED treatment history) had higher CIA global scores than those without such indices (ps < 0.05), suggesting good criterion validity. These data establish the first norms for the CIA in a United States sample. The CIA is psychometrically sound among high risk women, and heightened levels of impairment among these individuals as compared to low risk women verify the relevance of early intervention efforts. 相似文献
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Anna Vannucci Christine McCauley Ohannessian 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(5):1089-1109
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-competence and subsequent depressive symptom trajectories, by gender, in a community sample of adolescents (N = 753; 53% female; 65% non-Hispanic White). Data were collected annually for three years beginning when adolescents were in the 10th and 11th grades (Age: M = 16.09, SD = 0.72 years). Adolescents provided self-reports of self-competence at baseline and depressive symptoms every year. In latent growth curve models examining the overall trajectory of depressive symptoms, higher global self-worth and self-competence in close friendships were significantly associated with greater decreases in depressive symptoms (ps < 0.05). In contrast, higher academic self-competence was associated with more attenuated decreases in depressive symptoms (p = 0.001). When examining subgroups of latent depressive symptom trajectories within the context of growth mixture modeling, higher self-competence in physical appearance was associated with a decreased likelihood of membership in trajectory classes characterized by high initial, then decreasing depressive symptoms or and low initial, then increasing depressive symptoms (ps < 0.01). Among girls, higher global self-worth and self-competence in close friendship and academic domains were associated with membership in a trajectory class distinguished by high stable depressive symptoms (ps < 0.01); these associations were not observed among boys (ps > 0.05). Findings suggest that the competence-based model of depression is valid and applicable during middle-to-late adolescence, and emphasize the importance of considering gender and individual differences in the developmental course of depressive symptoms to gain a more nuanced understanding of the role of self-competence in depressive symptom trajectories. 相似文献
9.
Lack of control enhances accurate and inaccurate identification responses to degraded visual objects
Recent studies have shown that lack of control induces illusory pattern perception. In this study, we demonstrate that lacking
control also affected identification responses to degraded pictures of visual objects. As compared with control participants,
participants in whom lack of control was experimentally induced produced identification responses to visual objects at a significantly
higher level of degradation of the stimulus. Lacking control did not influence accuracy of identification, since the effect
was present for both correct and incorrect identification responses, and did not encourage pure random guessing. Our results
indicate that lacking control makes individuals more prone to achieve visual closure by attempting earlier identifications
of perceptually degraded visual objects. Possible mechanisms involved in this effect are discussed. 相似文献
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We examined the effects of plane rotations on the identification of exemplars of three semantic categories. In the first two experiments line drawings belonging to three categories (animals, inanimate objects, and vegetables) were presented at four orientations (0 degree, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, and 180 degrees of clockwise rotation). The response time was found to depend on stimulus category. In particular, whereas rotation effects were shown for animals, no effect at all was found for vegetables and only partial effects were found for inanimate objects. The unclear pattern found for inanimate objects was further examined in experiment 3 where the orientation effects on the identification of two subsets of the inanimate category were studied. The hypothesis of view-observation frequency was confirmed. In experiment 4, line drawings of objects at different orientations were presented in physically degraded versions. The minimum amount of visual information necessary to identify rotated stimuli was found to vary as a function of stimulus category as well. Results are discussed, combining current research on both viewpoint-dependence/independence and neural systems involved in category processing. 相似文献