The Convergent Validity of Four Burnout Measures in a Chinese Sample: A Confirmatory Factor‐Analytic Approach

The purpose of this paper is to study the convergent validity of the four most widely used burnout measures in a sample of Chinese nurses (N= 717). First, Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate the factor structure of scores produced by the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS), the Burnout Measure (BM), the Shirom‐Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Next, several competing models were tested to investigate the convergent validity of these four burnout instruments. The final results suggest that burnout is best conceived of as a multidimensional construct consisting of exhaustion and withdrawal, which are two related but conceptually distinct aspects. In addition, positively phrased items should be dropped from burnout measures for they constitute a separate factor that is considered to be an artifact.     

论选择性执法的法律规制——兼及“钓鱼式执法”的法律约束

选择性执法是行政主体应对复杂的社会情势和违法行为高度不均衡分布的一种手段。选择性执法具有权力性、不确定性和目的性特征,它在使行政主体获得高度的灵活性和行政效率,有利于完成行政执法任务的同时,也牺牲了法的稳定性和权威性,助长了行政执法中的机会主义,并鼓励人们守法上的投机心理和行为,不利于法治。应当对选择性执法持较为严格的态度,保证其执法目的的正当性,并采取具体的方法加以规制。     

Modeling feature perception in brief displays with evidence for positive interdependencies

Recent studies have begun to test certain fundamental assumptions underlying popular models of feature perception. This research is continued here. It was discovered that every basic assumption that was open to test in the present study was disconfirmed. However, several new characteristics of line and curve feature perception were discovered: (1) Feature perception sensitivity was inversely related to the number of features present in a stimulus pattern, and the decision criteria for reporting a feature decreased with the number of features contained in a pattern; (2) the decrements in sensitivity reported in (1) were greater for features lying inside a pattern than for those on the exterior; and (3) feature perception sensitivity actually improved if another feature was known to be correctly perceived during the same trial. Likewise, feature sensitivity decreased if another feature was missed on any trial. At the present time, a system that first extracts global and then local (more detailed) featural information provides a basis that qualitatively accounts for our findings and is also compatible with several other studies in the literature.     

Teaching self-control to reduce overt food stealing by children with autism and developmental disorders

Food stealing is often a serious behavioral problem among children with diagnoses of autism and other developmental disorders. Very few empirical studies concerning this behavioral challenge have been reported. We applied a correspondence training procedure to teach self-control as replacement behavior to four children with autism and developmental disorders who displayed food stealing in the community. A changing criterion design embedded within a nonconcurrent multiple-probe across participants design was used. The treatment succeeded for all four participants by increasing latency to eating highly preferred food to a predetermined criterion and reducing occurrences of food stealing to zero. Three participants generalized the replacement behavior to natural settings and maintained the behavior for 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 4 months. One participant without expressive language was taught successfully during treatment trials but failed to maintain and generalize the behavior. A functional relation between delaying food eating and Say-Do correspondence training was demonstrated.     

Social factors influence solo and rat dyads exploration of an unfamiliar open field

Animal Cognition - Exploring new and unfamiliar environments is critical for survival, providing information on food, shelter, mates, and sources of danger. The open field paradigm is commonly used...     

Digital literacy and green consumption behavior: Exploring dual psychological mechanisms

Green consumption has been developing into a booming trend due to alarming environmental problems. This study examines the relationship between the consumers' digital literacy and green consumption behavior and explores two different mechanisms based on social cognitive theory and self-regulatory theory. The cognition-based mechanism includes self-efficacy and outcome expectation; the affect-based mechanism includes anticipated pride and anticipated guilt. In addition, we investigate how green product availability moderates the relationships between four mediators and green consumption behavior. Across two studies, the results indicate that the consumers' digital literacy influences green consumption behavior through self-efficacy, outcome expectation, anticipated pride, and anticipated guilt. Moreover, green product availability boosts the effects of self-efficacy and anticipated pride on green consumption behavior. Our research has theoretical contributions to understanding the formation of green consumption behavior. It also provides practical implications for how to effectively guide and promote green consumption behavior.     

1993~2013年常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康状态的横断历史研究

研究为探索常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康水平如何随社会年代变迁而改变,运用了横断历史元分析的方法,对1993年至2013年38篇采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)的文献调查数据进行分析,考察了11454名常驻高海拔地区军人在该量表上9个因子得分随年代变化的趋势.结果发现:(1)SCL-90的7个因子均值与年代负相关,且不受期刊类型等的影响.20年来,7个因子下降了5%~15%不等.其中,强迫变化最大,抑郁、焦虑、人际敏感、偏执和精神病性均变化明显.这说明,常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康虽有所波动但整体水平逐步提升,变化幅度大致属于中等程度.(2)当年军费占GDP比值、居民消费水平指数与SCL-90部分因子均值负相关显著;5年前的居民消费水平指数与7个因子显著负相关.这说明,国防建设的经济投入和居民消费水平可能是影响常驻高海拔地区军人心理健康水平的重要因素.     

数字媒体使用与心理健康的理论争议和研究证据

采用系统综述的方法对数字媒体使用与心理健康的不同关系类型做了详细梳理并总结了争议的原因。结果发现,目前理论上的争议可归纳为四大类：负相关、正相关、不相关以及U形关系。研究结果不一致的原因可能与数字媒体的使用性质、心理健康的内涵、研究的取向和设计形式以及被试群体有关。该结果有助于从宏观上把握数字媒体使用与心理健康的研究动态并批判性地看待既有研究结果。未来应将数字媒体使用做精细化区分并加强实验研究准确揭示因果关系,以便厘清该领域的争论。

     

多重关系视角下心理咨询的伦理风险治理

多重关系是心理咨询的一项重要伦理议题,也是影响心理咨询服务质量的主要因素。以多重关系为视角,系统性梳理心理咨询的伦理风险、评析国内服务环境现状,解读域外伦理和法律规范的治理逻辑。对于心理咨询服务缺乏有效治理的问题,建议以伦理规范为基础,在伦理规范中建立相应的预判机制、督导机制和约束机制,在立法中确定心理咨询师对多重关系的预防义务、风险应对义务,建立心理咨询督导制度。最终形成和完善由政府部门、行业协会等利益相关方参与的共同治理法治框架。

     

全面理解马克思主义的宗教政策（一）

马克思和恩格斯创立的马克思主义宗教观，包括宗教理论和宗教政策两部分，是中国共产党正确认识和处理宗教问题的思想基础。马克思主义的宗教政策．是马克思和恩格斯根据人类历史发展规律和马克思主义的宗教理论制定的服务于无产阶级和全人类解放事业的专项政策体系。其直接的理论支点是无产阶级的宗教人权观，其基本内容包括彻底实行宗教信仰自由政策和坚持进行唯物主义和无神论宣传教育两个方面．既反对用行政手段取缔和限制宗教信仰自由的极左路线．又反对放弃唯物主义和无神论宣传教育的右倾机会主义。全面理解马克思主义的宗教政策．对于深入理解中国特色社会主义宗教理论，坚持中国共产党对待宗教问题的科学原则．具有重要的理论和实践意义。