排序方式: 共有40条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Ameneh Shahaeian Julie D. Henry Maryam Razmjoee Ali Teymoori Cen Wang 《Developmental science》2015,18(5):671-685
Previous research has consistently indicated that theory of mind (ToM) is associated with executive control in the preschool years. However, interpretation of this literature is limited by the fact that most studies have focused exclusively on urbanized Western cultural samples. Consequently, it is not clear whether the association between ToM and executive control reflects the specific features of this particular cohort or instead reflects a universal pattern. The present study provides the first empirical assessment of these two constructs in three diverse groups of Iranian children. Participants were 142 preschoolers (4–5 years old) from high–socioeconomic status (SES) urban (n = 33), low–SES urban (n = 37) and rural villages (n = 77). The results show that there is a robust association between ToM and executive control in all three groups, and that executive control contributes significant unique variance to ToM understanding, even after controlling for a range of variables that have been proposed as potential confounders of this relationship. However, although the three groups were equated in ToM, significant differences in executive control were evident. Moreover, cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters that were relatively homogeneous with respect to executive control and SES. One of these clusters was characterized by both low SES and low executive functioning, and showed little evidence of ToM understanding. Taken together, these findings provide possibly the clearest evidence to date that the association between ToM and executive control is not dependent on children's previous experiences on the tasks, or their family and cultural background. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxh_-3gCB8o 相似文献
3.
6~12岁儿童道德移情、助人行为倾向及其关系的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以124名6~12岁儿童为被试、以情境故事为材料的测查表明:我国6~12岁儿童均能作出移情反应和一般助人行为倾向反应,但8岁以上儿童的反应更为强烈和成熟;8岁以上儿童才能在自己也有困难的冲突背景下仍作出助人行为倾向的反应;6~12岁儿童的移情反应与其一般助人行为倾向反应有显著正相关关系;移情反应与冲突背景下的助人行为倾向反应的显著正相关8岁以上儿童才具有;个人、集体两类情境会影响他们的移情反应;人身伤害、声誉损害、财物损坏三种情境会影响他们的助人行为倾向。 相似文献
4.
干预对学校道德氛围感知的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以80名初一学生为对象、以情境投射和角色扮演为两种形式,探讨了学校公正和关爱两种道德氛围感知上干预对学生的影响.结果表明:(1)以公正氛围为内容的干预训练,对提高被试公正氛围感知程度有明显的效果.(2)以关爱氛围为内容的干预训练,则在明显提高被试关爱氛围感知的同时对提高宽恕氛围感知也有明显效果,且有性别差异.(3)情境讨论、角色扮演两种干预方式对提高被试公正、关爱和宽恕的氛围的感知程度都有明显的效果,且有性别差异. 相似文献
5.
在开放式预调查基础上,对452名大学各专业学生进行调查研究。结果表明:我国大学生认为善良、真诚、有爱心、不歧视残障者、宽容、设身处地、尊重7项是关爱价值观者最应该具有的特征;个人修养、利他助人、处事交往、外表印象、内在气质、尊重宽容、奉献与责任是关爱价值观者的7个品质因素,其中个人修养的品质因素最为突出;对这些品质因素,男女大学生看法没有明显差异,对某些品质因素城乡大学生、不同专业大学生有明显不同的看法。 相似文献
6.
道德敏感性:概念理解与辨析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
道德敏感性是新科尔伯格取向的重要概念,是道德行为发生之前逻辑上的心理初始成分,是对情境的道德领悟与解释,典型地反映了道德认知和道德情感的相互作用。对这个概念的性质和内涵理解存在能力观和经验观等不同观点;该概念也常操作化地为道德觉察、道德意识、后果意识、确认道德问题等;它与伦理敏感性、道德直觉等相近概念有着不同程度的区别和联系。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
对8─16岁少年儿童认同从众反应原因的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
个体从众的原因究竟是什么?根据文献,假设有5种原因,以100名8~16岁少年儿童为被试进行测试,反应结果证实了这5种原因。然后,要求上述年龄的400名被试对有关线段长度的和有关道德判断的从众反应情境、就5项原因作主次排序。结果表明:被试认为从众反应原因的主次顺序依次为“多数人更正确”、“表示归属群体”、“为了表示友好”、“为了免受责难”、“图省事不费心”;同时这种总趋势会因被试的年龄不同和从众情境不同表现出不同特点。 相似文献
10.
个体从众的原因究竟是什么?根据文献,假设有5种原因,以100名8~16岁少年儿童为被试进行测试,反应结果证实了这5种原因。然后,要求上述年龄的400名被试对有关线段长度的和有关道德判断的从众反应情境、就5项原因作主次排序。结果表明:被试认为从众反应原因的主次顺序依次为“多数人更正确”、“表示归属群体”、“为了表示友好”、“为了免受责难”、“图省事不费心”;同时这种总趋势会因被试的年龄不同和从众情境不同表现出不同特点。 相似文献