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This article discusses the unique problems and methods of studying developmental change in individuals and families. The authors describe and illustrate six developmental research designs: longitudinal; short-term longitudinal; historical (retrospective) interview; artificial life cycle; short-term longitudinal with controls; and combination. They also examine principal ethical issues of human behavioral research. 相似文献
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BROOKE B. COLLISON 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1981,60(4):219-222
This article suggests that counselors must examine their own gender-role issues, become aware of the body of knowledge about men which is emerging in the literature, examine the implications of that literature on counseling men, and develop an effective approach to counseling men. The author presents a counseling focus on male gender-role issues similar to a decision model for counseling and explores the use of that focus for both counseling and research with adult males. 相似文献
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WADE C. ROWATT JO-ANN TSANG JESSICA KELLY BROOKE LaMARTINA MICHELLE McCULLERS & APRIL McKINLEY 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2006,45(3):397-406
Personality correlates of implicit and explicit attitudes toward homosexual and heterosexual individuals were examined within a sample of predominantly Protestant college students in the south-central United States. Implicit attitudes were measured with the Implicit Association Test, a computer program that recorded reaction times as participants categorized symbols (of heterosexual individuals and gay men) and adjectives (good or bad words). Participants also completed self-report measures of religious fundamentalism (RF), Christian orthodoxy (CO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), impression management (IM), and attitudes toward heterosexuals, gay men, and lesbians. Participants displayed fairly negative implicit and explicit attitudes toward homosexual relative to heterosexual individuals. Consistent with previous research, RF, CO, RWA, and IM were associated with increases in self-reported homosexual prejudice. Religious fundamentalism was the strongest predictor of a negative implicit attitude toward gay men relative to heterosexuals. 相似文献
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Several relational demography studies have demonstrated asymmetrical effects of dissimilarity across different groups of employees. Some groups of employees appear to be more influenced by differences from fellow employees, whereas other groups of employees appear indifferent. Although numerous theoretical explanations have been developed to account for these asymmetrical effects, this paper argues that such effects are actually methodological artifacts resulting from an imbalance in the proportion of group members and deficiencies in the most commonly used measure of dissimilarity, Euclidean distance. This paper illustrates how such asymmetrical effects can be observed even when none exist in the population. Suggestions for methodological improvements in future diversity research are discussed along with recommendations for managing diversity in organizations. 相似文献
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BROOKE B. COLLISON SUE BOWDEN MARIE PATTERSON JANA SNYDER STEVE SANDALL PATTY WELLMAN 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1987,65(7):389-390
Five pupil service personnel in a small, midwestern school system combined their efforts in responding to student, teacher, and parent needs after a 14-year-old boy wounded two teachers and a student and killed the principal in a shooting spree. It is suggested that schools develop tactical plans for responding to catastrophic situations. 相似文献
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RUTH B. EKSTROM JULIET J. BEIER E. LETA DAVIS C. BROOKE GRUENBERG 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1981,60(2):97-101
This article summarizes the responses of 131 adult women to a questionnaire survey of their experiences and activities in homemaking, parenting, volunteer work, recreation, formal and nonformal education, and paid work. The results show that reentry women have had a wide variety of life experiences through which they have developed job-related skills. The findings also show the importance of counselor assistance in identifying nontraditional skills and in exploring how the interpersonal and managerial skills learned in unpaid work can aid women's career advancement. 相似文献
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BROOKE C. FEENEY JUDE CASSIDY EDWARD P. LEMAY JR. FATIMA RAMOS‐MARCUSE 《Personal Relationships》2009,16(4):489-506
Abstract This investigation examined the influence of a prior social support interaction on a subsequent interaction between new peer acquaintances. Pairs of adolescent peers (recruited in a large metropolitan area in the United States) were videotaped as they met and discussed current life concerns in 2 separate interactions. Results indicated that (a) the behaviors of new interaction partners are coordinated within an interaction (social coordination hypothesis), (b) behaviors exhibited during an initial interaction predict behaviors exhibited during a subsequent interaction (influential interaction hypothesis), (c) individuals affiliate in similar ways across interactions (cross‐situational consistency hypothesis), and (d) behaviors reflecting greater comfort with interaction increase across interactions (uncertainty reduction hypothesis). The discussion focuses on implications of results and contributions to existing literatures. 相似文献