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1.
Sex Roles - The prevailing dominant discourse about motherhood in western societies reflects a set of interconnected beliefs referred to as intensive mothering ideology. Little is known about how... 相似文献
2.
The authors investigated normative beliefs about personality development. Young, middle-aged, and older adults indicated the age-relevance of 835 French adjectives by specifying person characteristics as typical for any age decade from 0 to 99 years. With this paradigm, the authors determined age-relevance (How typical is a characteristic for a given age decade?). Most characteristics were ascribed to young adulthood. The pattern differed across the lifespan, however, for positive and negative person characteristics as well as for physical, cognitive, and personal/expressive characteristics. Whereas the total number of ascribed positive characteristics peaked in young adulthood and declined thereafter, the number of ascribed negative person characteristics peaked during adolescence, remained fairly low during middle adulthood, and increased slightly in old age (70+ years). As a consequence, the most positive profile was ascribed to young olds (60 to 69 years), whereas the most negative personality profiles were ascribed to the oldest age groups (70+ years) and to adolescence (10 to 19 years). The negative profiles are primarily due to more negative physical characteristics ascribed to older adults and more negative cognitive characteristics ascribed to adolescence. 相似文献
3.
This research examined the relative effectiveness of two mood induction procedures (MIPs) for inducing four specific moods
varying along the dimensions of both valence and arousal. Participants were randomly assigned either to an autobiographical
recall or to a music and guided imagery MIP and underwent a happiness, serenity, anger, or sadness mood induction. The findings
confirmed the effectiveness of the two MIPs in producing changes on both the valence and arousal dimensions of mood. The results
also revealed an unexpected greater efficiency of the autobiographical recall than of the combined procedure. 相似文献
4.
Karim Samoura Anne-Laure Bouvier Jean-Philippe Waaub 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2007,19(4):77-93
Located between the cities of Conackry, Dubréka and Boffa the Sangarea Bay is home to mangrove-type forests undergoing various
forms of pressure. In 1992, a forest management plan was put into place in order to manage the resources. It aimed at promoting
socioeconomic activities while keeping the mangrove ecosystem in balance. This plan was assessed in 1999. The results showed
that even though it integrated environmental and economic objectives, it failed to include the social as well as cultural
contexts and it did not involve the social actors in the decision process. Hence, the plan did not meet the expected results.
Still today, the economic, environmental, social and cultural criteria and effective actor involvement in the resource management
have to be taken into account to maintain the fragile balance of the Bay. This study is an attempt to include these criteria
while opting for a new approach for a sustainable management of the resources of the Bay. This study is a Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA) based on the use of the multi-criteria decision tool in a context where there are several actors involved.
Structuring objectives and issues at stake allows the criteria to be identified. Using the sociological data available simulated
the value-system of each actor involved, and subsequently, they were all put into a model by giving various weights to the
criteria. The SEA compares the existing plan (sector-wise approach) with alternative scenarios including an “integrated management
plan” scenario (holistic approach), or “a complete protection of the area” scenario. The scenarios were assessed according
to the quantitative and qualitative data available. The results illustrate how the multi-criteria method can be relevant as
a decision tool when choosing a sustainable way to manage natural resources.
Karim Samoura is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Quebec at Montreal, and Director of SIFéE (Francophone Secretariat
for Impact Assessment). In addition, he is a member of the interdisciplinary Study group in geography and regional environment
(GEIGER) and a member of CERESCOR (Research Group on Mangrove and Coastal Ecosystem in Africa). His research interests are
in the area of coastal environment, multi-actor decision-making aid, especially in Africa.
Anne-Laure Bouvier is a member of the interdisciplinary study group in geography and regional environment (GEIGER) and a private
environmental consultant. Her research interests are environmental impact assessments in the energy sector and the social
impacts of natural resource projects (hydroelectricity, mining), as well as the use of sustainability assessments.
Jean-Philippe Waaub is professor at the Department of Geography, University of Quebec at Montreal, and member of the Interdisciplinary
Research Group in Geography and Regional Environment (GEIGER). His research focuses mainly Strategic Environmental Assessment,
decision aid tools applied to territorial and environmental management (multicriteria decision aid, ecological mapping, Integrated
System for Decision Aid, Group Decision Support Systems) and techno-economic modeling of industrial systems in connection
to climate change. 相似文献
5.
Anne-Laure Macé 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(8):891-900
False memory for critical lures has been widely documented in long-term memory using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Recent evidence suggests that false memory effects can also be found in short-term memory (STM), supporting models that assume a strong relationship between short-term and long-term memory processes. However, no study has examined the role of articulatory suppression on immediate false memory, even though phono-articulatory factors are critically involved in STM performance and are an intrinsic part of all STM accounts. The current study proposes a novel paradigm to assess false memory effects in a STM task under both silent and articulatory suppression conditions. Using immediate serial recognition, in which participants had to judge whether two successive mixed lists of six associated and non-associated words were matched, we examined true recognition of matching lists and false recognition of mismatching lists comprising a critical lure or unrelated distractor in two experiments. Results from both experiments indicated reduced true recognition of matching lists and greater false serial recognition of mismatching lists comprising a critical lure under articulatory suppression relative to silence. These findings provide further support for some current models of verbal short-term memory, which posit a strong relationship between short-term and long-term memory processes. 相似文献
6.
Cross-cultural research documented two types of temporal culture governing the way individuals schedule tasks over time: clock-time, where individuals let an external clock dictate when tasks begin/end; and event-time, where tasks are planned relative to other tasks and individuals transition between them when they internally sense that the former task is complete. In contrast with this prior literature - that credits culture as the reason for variation in temporal norms - we show in two experiments that individuals choose clock- vs. event-time as a self-regulation strategy to achieve a regulatory goal (efficiency vs. effectiveness). A third experiment shows that this strategy enhances confidence and performance on a task. Participants solved significantly more math problems when their task scheduling (clock- vs. event-time) matched their regulatory state (promotion vs. prevention). Since clock-/event-time may both lead to superior performance, clock-time is not the single best way to organize productive activities in industrial societies—a result that counters a foundational principle of modern economics. 相似文献
7.
Jamain Ludivine de Place Anne-Laure Bouffard Thérèse Pansu Pascal 《Social Psychology of Education》2021,24(3):919-938
Social Psychology of Education - Research on the self-evaluation bias of students' school competence has focused mainly on its correlates for students' school adaptation. This study focused... 相似文献
8.
This study aimed at testing the relative effects of valence and arousal on the generation of unusual first associates in response to non-emotional inducers. To examine this question, four specific moods varying along both the valence and the arousal dimensions were induced: happiness (positive mood, high arousal), serenity (positive mood, low arousal), anger (negative mood, high arousal) and sadness (negative mood, low arousal). The results indicate that the uniqueness of word-associations is influenced by arousal levels rather than by the valence of mood. No matter what the valence, high-arousing moods enhanced the production of unusual associates in contrast to low-arousing moods. 相似文献
9.
Ryan Hamilton Kathleen D. Vohs Anne-Laure Sellier Tom Meyvis 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2011,115(1):13-24
The human psyche is equipped with the capacity to solve problems using different mental states or mindsets. Different mindsets can lead to different judgment and decision making styles, each associated with its own perspective and biases. To change perspective, people can, and often do, switch mindsets. We argue, however, that mindset switching can be costly for subsequent decisions. We propose that mindset switching is an executive function that relies on the same psychological resource that governs other acts of executive functioning, including self-regulation. This implies that there are psychic costs to switching mindsets that are borne out in depleted executive resources. One implication of this framework is that switching mindsets should render people more likely to fail at subsequent self-regulation than they would if maintaining a consistent mindset. The findings from experiments that manipulated mindset switching in five domains support this model. 相似文献
10.
False memory for critical lures has been widely documented in long-term memory using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Recent evidence suggests that false memory effects can also be found in short-term memory (STM), supporting models that assume a strong relationship between short-term and long-term memory processes. However, no study has examined the role of articulatory suppression on immediate false memory, even though phono-articulatory factors are critically involved in STM performance and are an intrinsic part of all STM accounts. The current study proposes a novel paradigm to assess false memory effects in a STM task under both silent and articulatory suppression conditions. Using immediate serial recognition, in which participants had to judge whether two successive mixed lists of six associated and non-associated words were matched, we examined true recognition of matching lists and false recognition of mismatching lists comprising a critical lure or unrelated distractor in two experiments. Results from both experiments indicated reduced true recognition of matching lists and greater false serial recognition of mismatching lists comprising a critical lure under articulatory suppression relative to silence. These findings provide further support for some current models of verbal short-term memory, which posit a strong relationship between short-term and long-term memory processes. 相似文献