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1.
Cynthia Gallois Victor J. Callan JULIE-ANNE MCKENZIE PALMER 《Journal of applied social psychology》1992,22(13):1041-1060
This study examined the influence of the gender and communication style of job applicants, as well as the gender and sex-role stereotyping of interviewers, on hiring decisions. Fifty-six personnel officers viewed videotapes of simulated employment interviews, in which male and female candidates used either aggressive, assertive, or nonassertive styles of communication. Personnel officers rated job candidates on likeability, similarity to the officers themselves, and hireability. Interviewers were most likely to employ assertive applicants, and the sex-role stereotypes of interviewers did not influence their perceptions of these candidates. Sex-role beliefs, however, did affect evaluations of aggressive and nonassertive job applicants. Interviewers who were low in sex-role stereotyping were more likely to hire a nonassertive than an aggressive candidate, while interviewers with higher levels of sex-role stereotyping were more likely to hire aggressive candidates. For assertive candidates, judgments by the interviewers of the perceived similarity of the candidate to themselves and their liking for the applicant both influenced their decision to hire the candidate. For aggressive and nonassertive candidates, however, the interviewers' liking toward the candidate mediated the relationship between perceived similarity and hiring decisions. 相似文献
2.
Jerry M. Lewis J. M. Rabbie Thomas Berg Michael Argyle Karin Aronsson Roger Ingham Neil Frude A. M. Munton Duncan Cramer John Shotter Ray Holland Nobleza Asuncion-Lande Ray Crozier Candida Peterson Chris Spencer Victor J. Callan Jack Martin N. L. Reinsch Anthony Ryle David Canter Jill Robson H. R. Beech Duncan Moss David Fontana Tom Richards 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1989,8(1):49-87
3.
Victor Reppert 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》1989,25(1):35-51
I would like to thank Keith Parsons for reviving my interest in this topic, and Robert McKim, Patrick Maher, Hugh Chandler, Jordan Howard Sobel, and William Alston for helpful remarks concerning previous versions of this paper. 相似文献
4.
While advertising products with reflections is a common industry practice, this research is the first to investigate their impact on product aesthetics. Reflections are endowed with an inherent shine since they are naturally formed by the interaction of light with an object and a reflecting surface. We draw upon this property along with Evolutionary Psychology (EP) research documenting an intrinsic human attraction towards gloss to predict their positive effect on product aesthetics. Further in line with the EP principles, we propose that this effect is mediated by enhanced pristineness perceptions about the product in the presence of its reflection in the ad. Finally, we draw upon the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to identify product design complexity as a boundary condition for the positive effect of reflection on product attractiveness perceptions. For a product with relatively high (vs. low) design complexity, with design being the focal aspect that is elaborated via a central route, we predict the effect of a peripheral stylistic cue like product reflection to attenuate. Three experimentally designed studies employing different product types offer empirical support to these predictions. Our work extends prior marketing research studying the effects of executional elements in advertising on consumers' product reactions, particularly the aesthetic impact of product reflections as creative stylistic cues. The managerial implications of this work span both traditional and digital marketing channels. Incorporating a product reflection in advertising can work as an easy-to-implement option that can help practitioners elevate product pristineness and aesthetics. On the other hand, avoiding their use when advertising products with relatively complex designs can save both ad space and money. 相似文献
5.
Weng Marc Lim Satish Kumar Nitesh Pandey Deepak Verma Divesh Kumar 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2023,22(1):217-232
The way consumers behave is fundamental to marketing. Journal of Consumer Behaviour (JCB) is an international journal dedicated to publishing the latest developments of consumer behaviour. To gain an understanding of the evolution and trends in consumer behaviour, this study presents a retrospective review of JCB using bibliometric analysis. Using bibliographic records of JCB from Scopus, this study finds that consumer behaviour research in JCB has grown substantially in terms of collaboration (co-authorships), global reach (countries), productivity (publications), and impact (citations). The major themes explored by consumer behaviour research in JCB include consumer information processing, consumption communities, consumption value, sustainable consumption, intergenerational consumer behaviour, consumer-brand relationship, consumer ethics, and conditional relationships in consumer behaviour. The most recent consumer behaviour research in JCB has considered externalities such as the COVID-19 pandemic and focused on themes such as consumer ethics and sustainable consumption in line with the global movement toward environmental social governance (ESG) and sustainable development goals (SDGs). 相似文献
6.
Patrick L. Hill Caryn E. Oshiro Teresa A. Hillier Victor J. Strecher 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(11):e12869
The COVID-19 pandemic brought new attention to the issues of food insecurity faced by individuals throughout the United States, a stressor exacerbated by disruptions to work status and supply chains. The burden of food insecurity likely carries consequences for whether individuals feel capable of pursuing their broad goals and life engagements; put differently, food insecurity may pose a threat to people perceiving a sense of purpose in life. The current study tested this claim across three samples taken during 2020 (n = 2009), 2021 (n = 1666), and 2022 (n = 1975). Participants completed inventories for perceived food insecurity, sense of purpose, depressive symptoms, and anxiety, among other measures. Results found consistent negative associations between food insecurity and sense of purpose across all three samples. In addition, food insecurity moderated associations between sense of purpose and depressive or anxiety symptoms. Sense of purpose was more strongly negatively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms for those participants who reported no food insecurity. That said, sense of purpose remained negatively associated with psychological distress even among those reporting food insecurity. 相似文献
7.
Benedict C. Jones Alex L. Jones Victor Shiramizu 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(2):498-500
Sutherland and Young (Br. J. Psychol., 113, 2022, 1056) provide a comprehensive and timely overview of recent developments in research on social judgements of faces, emphasizing the utility of data-driven approaches. Here, we expand on this theme, focusing on how data-driven approaches can provide new insights into the physical characteristics in face images that best predict social judgements. 相似文献
8.
L. Weiskrantz Victor Baltzer 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1965,17(2):169-172
A previous experiment (Gross and Weiskrantz, 1961) has shown that performance on a successive auditory discrimination task is impaired by injections of meprobamate. The present two brief experiments indicate that the drug also impairs simultaneous visual discrimination performance, although not to the same degree as found earlier for auditory discrimination. The original finding, therefore, cannot be attributed simply to unique features of the auditory discrimination situation, such as the “go—no-go” response contingency. Since neither overtraining nor drug habituation appears to be of great importance, it is suggested that the lesser effect of the drug in these experiments reflects the greater stability of visual than auditory habits in the monkey.
Earlier work has shown that meprobamate and reserpine can cause a severe deterioration in auditory discrimination performance of monkeys (Gross and Weiskrantz, 1961). This result was taken as supporting a hypothesis, growing out of still earlier research, that tranquillizers decrease the utilization of sensory information (Weiskrantz and Wilson, 1956; Weiskrantz, 1957).
The auditory task, as is almost always the case with monkeys as subjects, involved a “go—no-go” type of response contingency—i.e. the animal had to respond to the positive stimulus and had not to respond to the negative stimulus in order to achieve reward. It might be objected, therefore, that the deterioration in performance was associated not with discrimination as such but with the animals' willingness to perform at all. In fact, it was found that the animals tended to make most of their errors under the drugs by responding when they should not rather than not responding when they should.
The purpose of the present experiments, therefore, was to test the animals with a visual discrimination task in which both the positive and negative stimuli were presented simultaneously. An effect of the drug could not, in this situation, be characterized simply as altering the responsiveness of the animal. A further purpose in using visual stimuli was to test the generality of the earlier finding in a sense modality other than audition. 相似文献
Earlier work has shown that meprobamate and reserpine can cause a severe deterioration in auditory discrimination performance of monkeys (Gross and Weiskrantz, 1961). This result was taken as supporting a hypothesis, growing out of still earlier research, that tranquillizers decrease the utilization of sensory information (Weiskrantz and Wilson, 1956; Weiskrantz, 1957).
The auditory task, as is almost always the case with monkeys as subjects, involved a “go—no-go” type of response contingency—i.e. the animal had to respond to the positive stimulus and had not to respond to the negative stimulus in order to achieve reward. It might be objected, therefore, that the deterioration in performance was associated not with discrimination as such but with the animals' willingness to perform at all. In fact, it was found that the animals tended to make most of their errors under the drugs by responding when they should not rather than not responding when they should.
The purpose of the present experiments, therefore, was to test the animals with a visual discrimination task in which both the positive and negative stimuli were presented simultaneously. An effect of the drug could not, in this situation, be characterized simply as altering the responsiveness of the animal. A further purpose in using visual stimuli was to test the generality of the earlier finding in a sense modality other than audition. 相似文献
9.
Victor J. Malatesta 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1990,12(3):219-232
A nine-year-old male, who met DSM III-R criteria for transient tic disorder, participated in an experimental assessment strategy to generate support for a case formulation. In addition to presenting motor disturbance, assessment procedures revealed six problem areas. All problems were formulated as manifestations of a hypersensitivity to evaluation, etiologically related to the boy's relationship with an insecure and critical father. It was hypothesized that the patient's tic disorder was a consequence of his hypersensitivity to father's excessive criticism, which then generalized to other evaluative situations. Using a controlled single-subject design, predictions derived from the formulation were tested by exposing the child to a planned combination of evaluative observers (e.g., father, mother, therapist, etc.) who watched him as he worked on a series of puzzles. The dependent measures included (1) behavioral recordings of tic frequency and (2) frontalis EMG responses. The results indicated significant differences in tic rate and EMG as a function of the type of observer. Consistent with the formulation, the patient displayed the highest levels of tic behavior and EMG response when his father was the observer and lowest in the presence of the mother. Predictions regarding other stimulus conditions were also confirmed. These results provided support for the case formulation that was used to design an effective treatment intervention. Findings suggest that the case formulation model offers a method whereby novel case hypotheses can be generated for poorly understood psychopathology and tested later in the experimental situation. 相似文献
10.
Victor D. Sanua 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1990,9(4):355-371
This paper compares and contrasts statements made by American and European psychiatrists on the etiology of schizophrenia.
In the U.S., leading figures in psychiatry hold increasingly to the view that the disorder is physiogenic at source—from which
it seems to follow that the appropriate treatments should similarly focus on physiological and pharmacological therapies.
In contrast, European psychiatrists seem to be divided in support for organic and psychodynamic explanations. Some European
writers have pointedly warned against over-interpreting recent studies which seem to point to specific organic dysfunctions
and deficits as schizophrenogenic.
This paper was presented at the Second Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Dallas, Texas, June 7–10,
1990. 相似文献