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1.
Tores Theorell 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1992,27(1):32-38
According to previous animal research and psychological laboratory experiments in humans, plasma prolactin varies in relation to psychosocial stress. However, the findings in published studies are difficult to interpret. In some studies increased levels and, in other studies, decreased levels were observed. The present report summarizes findings from four different real-life stress studies that have had a longitudinal design. Findings indicate that change situations associated with passive coping are accompanied by increased plasma prolactin levels whereas change situations associated with active coping are associated with unchanged or even lowered levels. The regulation of plasma prolactin is part of a dopaminergic system. It is speculated that prolactin may be needed for preservation of vital functions during withdrawal. 相似文献
2.
Hugo?WesterlundEmail author Anna?Bergstr?m T?res?Theorell 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2004,39(1):3-15
Thirty-two female participants in a mobilising labour market programme offering temporary, alternative employment in Sweden
were followed longitudinally for one year, including a six month post participation follow-up period. It can be hypothesised
that an important aspect of the physiological effects of unemployment is a change in the balance between anabolic and catabolic
activities in the body and that re-employment should lead to a shift towards anabolism. An earlier study of a smaller subset
of the data, however, including both men and women, showed increased prolactin and decreased dehydroepiadrosterone sulphate
(DHEA-s) levels, contrary to the initial hypothesis. In the present analysis, intended to elucidate these results, psychophysiological
data were summarised in two indices, one connected with anabolism (made up of testosterone and DHEA-s) and one with catabolism
(prolactin, γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate amino transferase, α levuline amino transferase, and body mass index). In addition,
self-rated anxiety, depression, hopelessness and personal control were analysed. The results indicate that the effect of ‘better’
activities within the programme was a temporary increase in anabolism, possibly indicating lower stress levels, and the effect
of ‘worse’ activities, on the one hand, a temporary decrease in the catabolic index, probably reflecting repressed alcohol
consumption, and, on the other hand, impaired anabolism. There was also a general but transient decrease in depressiveness
measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results seem to imply that it is difficult to achieve lasting effects
through a relatively short participation in a mobilising programme. 相似文献
3.
Christina Grape Maria Sandgren Lars-Olof Hansson Mats Ericson T?res Theorell 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》2003,38(1):65-74
This study explored the possible beneficial effects of singing on well-being during a singing lesson. Eight amateur (2m, 6f, age 28-53 yrs) and eight professional (4m, 4f, age 26-49 yrs) singers who had been attending singing lessons for at least six months were included. Continuous ECG was recorded and computerized spectral analysis was performed. Serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin were measured before and 30 min after the lesson. Five visual analogue scales (VAS, sad-joyful, anxious-calm, worried-elated, listless-energetic, and tense-relaxed) were scored before and after the lesson. In addition, a semi-structured interview was performed. Heart rate variability analyses showed significant changes over time in the two groups for total power, and low and high frequency power. Power increased during singing in professionals, whereas there were no changes in amateurs. This indicates an ability to retain more "heart-brain connection." i.e., more cardio-physiological fitness for singing in professional singers, compared to amateur singers. Serum concentration of TNF-alpha increased in professionals after the singing lesson, whereas the concentration in amateurs decreased. Serum concentrations of prolactin and cortisol increased after the lesson in the group of men and vice versa for women. Oxytocin concentrations increased significantly in both groups after the singing lesson. Amateurs reported increasing joy and elatedness (VAS), whereas professionals did not. However, both groups felt more energetic and relaxed after the singing lesson. The interviews showed that the professionals were clearly achievement-oriented, with focus on singing technique, vocal apparatus and body during the lesson. The amateurs used the singing lessons as a means of self-actualization and self-expression as a way to release emotional tensions. In summary, in this study, singing during a singing lesson seemed to promote more well-being and less arousal for amateurs compared to professional singers, who seemed to experience less well-being and more arousal. 相似文献
4.
G Grossi T Theorell M Jürisoo S Setterlind 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》1999,34(1):30-42
The study examined psychosocial work-conditions and physiological reactions among thirty-six police inspectors (median age 45 years, 81% males) who participated in a reorganization. At this time, subjects were threatened by unemployment and had to re-apply for their positions in a new police district. Data were collected during the reorganization and at three years follow-up, by means of questionnaires (Stress Profile) and blood samples. The blood samples were used to determine serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glucose, lipids, prolactin, testosterone and cortisol. The results show a positive association between worry about employment and symptoms of burnout during the reorganization. Mean scores for the Stress Profile sub-scales worry about employment (p<.01) and work-load (p<.05) decreased between measurements, but an impairment in relationships with management was noticed (p<.05). No significant changes were observed in terms of self-rated health complaints. Significant decreases in total cholesterol (p<.0001), LDL-cholesterol (p<.0001), LDL/HDL-ratio (p<.01), prolactin (p<.0001), as well as increases in testosterone (p<.01) and cortisol (p<.001) were observed for the whole sample. Glucose decreased with marginal significance (<.07). Controlling for age and gender, multivariate regression analyses showed that subjects who reported deteriorations in satisfaction with work manifested the most modest decreases in prolactin (p<.05). Also, the decrease in glucose was larger for subjects who experienced impairments in satisfaction with work (p<.05), information (p<.05), task-oriented leadership, (p<.05), and respect and dignity (p<.05). Subjects who perceived deteriorations in the ethical and moral standards of the organization increased their cortisol level to a lower degree than their counterparts (p<.05). Favorable changes in employment status and psychosocial work environment seem to be related to improved physiological functioning. 相似文献
5.
Reza Emdad Karen Belkić Töres Theorell Arne Wennberg Maud Hagman Lotta Johansson Cedo Savic Stella Cizinsky 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1996,31(2):96-111
Electrocortical responses were assessed using two simulated aspects of visual signals encountered in traffic: the Glare Pressor Test (GPT) and Event-Related Potential Avoidance Task (ERPAT) among four groups of male professional drivers: 12 with ischemic heart disease (IHD), 12 hypertensives, 10 borderline hypertensives, 34 who were apparently healthy and 23 nonprofessional driver healthy control subjects. The blood pressure (BP) responses immediately after the ERPAT were also measured. There was a significant between groups effect for the amplitude of the target N2 component in the ERPAT (p=0.02), with the lowest means among the drivers with IHD and the highest among those with hypertension. Drivers with IHD also showed the highest diastolic BP reactivity to the ERPAT. Significantly more than the expected number of drivers with IHD failed to recover alpha activity after the first glare impulse of the GPT. Professional drivers who failed to recover baseline levels of alpha activity after the GPT showed a significantly smaller N2 amplitude compared to those who recovered (p=0.01). There was a positive correlation between abundance of alpha activity at rest with P300 amplitude (p=0.02). An inverse relation was found between number of work hours behind the wheel and the amplitude of the target P300 (p=0.04). Results are interpreted in light of recent advances concerning integrative mechanisms of defence versus vigilance response patterns. The findings in this study justify further applications of these psychophysiologic methods to assess the relationship between simulated signals of the work environment and mechanisms of cardiac risk in this occupational group. 相似文献
6.
P. Bernin M.D. T. Theorell M.D.Ph.D. C. G. Sandberg M.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(2):121-136
The aim was to explore the patterns of correlations between psychosocial stress indices and neuroendocrinological factors
in managers. Fifty-eight male managers in three Swedish companies constituted the sample. They answered two questionnaires
with 17 selected stress indices and also an organizational test. The indices have been analyzed by means of computations of
age adjusted partial correlations with nine different variables analyzed in fasting blood samples. The serum concentrations
of lipids were the variables most strongly correlated with psychosocial factors. Neither smoking nor physical activity changed
the correlations significantly. Good social support at work and in private life was consistently associated with low adverse
serum lipids and corresponding lipoproteins. On the other hand, some indices of social support were associated with indices
of high arousal levels. This may indicate a possible psychophysiological “load effect” of some aspects of social support in
managers. The analyses of corporate culture measured as “Rules of the Game” indicated that “bureaucracy” was significantly
associated with high LDL-cholesterol and low HDL-cholesterol. Managers have special conditions and therefore the patterns
of associations between psychosocial conditions and coping strategies on one hand and endocrine-biochemical state on the other
hand may be different, from those of other groups. To what extent such differences are due to individual characteristics or
environmental factors needs to be further investigated. According to the results, however, good social support is in general
health promoting also to managers, at least with regard to serum lipids. Bureaucracy, on the other hand, seems to be dangerous
to the health of managers. 相似文献
7.
P Bernin T Theorell C G Sandberg 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》2001,36(2):121-136
The aim was to explore the patterns of correlations between psychosocial stress indices and neuroendocrinological factors in managers. Fifty-eight male managers in three Swedish companies constituted the sample. They answered two questionnaires with 17 selected stress indices and also an organizational test. The indices have been analyzed by means of computations of age adjusted partial correlations with nine different variables analyzed in fasting blood samples. The serum concentrations of lipids were the variables most strongly correlated with psychosocial factors. Neither smoking nor physical activity changed the correlations significantly. Good social support at work and in private life was consistently associated with low adverse serum lipids and corresponding lipoproteins. On the other hand, some indices of social support were associated with indices of high arousal levels. This may indicate a possible psychophysiological "load effect" of some aspects of social support in managers. The analyses of corporate culture measured as "Rules of the Game" indicated that "bureaucracy" was significantly associated with high LDL-cholesterol and low HDL-cholesterol. Managers have special conditions and therefore the patterns of associations between psychosocial conditions and coping strategies on one hand and endocrine-biochemical state on the other hand may be different from those of other groups. To what extent such differences are due to individual characteristics or environmental factors needs to be further investigated. According to the results, however, good social support is in general health promoting also to managers, at least with regard to serum lipids. Bureaucracy, on the other hand, seems to be dangerous to the health of managers. 相似文献
8.
Christina Grape Maria Sandgren Lars-Olof Hansson Mats Ericson Töres Theorell 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,38(1):65-74
This study explored the possible beneficial effects of singing on well-being during a singing lesson. Eight amateur (2m, 6f,
age 28–53 yrs) and eight professional (4m, 4f, age 26–49 yrs) singers who had been attending singing lessons for at least
six months were included. Continuous ECG was recorded and computerized spectral analysis was performed. Serum concentrations
of TNF-alpha, prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin were measured before and 30 min after the lesson. Five visual analogue scales
(VAS, sad-joyful, anxious-calm, worried-elated, listless-energetic, and tense-relaxed) were scored before and after the lesson.
In addition, a semi-structured interview was performed.
Heart rate variability analyses showed significant changes over time in the two groups for total power, and low and high frequency
power. Power increased during singing in professionals, whereas there were no changes in amateurs. This indicates an ability
to retain more “heart-brain connection,” i.e., more cardio-physiological fitness for singing in professional singers, compared
to amateur singers. Serum concentration of TNF-alpha increased in professionals after the singing lesson, whereas the concentration
in amateurs decreased. Serum concentrations of prolactin and cortisol increased after the lesson in the group of men and vice
versa for women. Oxytocin concentrations increased significantly in both groups after the singing lesson. Amateurs reported
increasing joy and elatedness (VAS), whereas professionals did not. However, both groups felt more energetic and relaxed after
the singing lesson. The interviews showed that the professionals were clearly achievement-oriented, with focus on singing
technique, vocal apparatus and body during the lesson. The amateurs used the singing lessons as a means of self-actualization
and self-expression as a way to release emotional tensions. In summary, in this study, singing during a singing lesson seemed
to promote more well-being and less arousal for amateurs compared to professional singers, who seemed to experience less well-being
and more arousal. 相似文献
9.
Hugo Westerlund Anna Bergstr?m T?res Theorell 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》2004,39(1):3-15
Thirty-two female participants in a mobilising labour market programme offering temporary, alternative employment in Sweden were followed longitudinally for one year, including a six month post participation follow-up period. It can be hypothesised that an important aspect of the physiological effects of unemployment is a change in the balance between anabolic and catabolic activities in the body and that re-employment should lead to a shift towards anabolism. An earlier study of a smaller subset of the data, however, including both men and women, showed increased prolactin and decreased dehydroepiadrosterone sulphate (DHEA-s) levels, contrary to the initial hypothesis. In the present analysis, intended to elucidate these results, psychophysiological data were summarised in two indices, one connected with anabolism (made up of testosterone and DHEA-s) and one with catabolism (prolactin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alpha levuline amino transferase, and body mass index). In addition, self-rated anxiety, depression, hopelessness and personal control were analysed. The results indicate that the effect of 'better' activities within the programme was a temporary increase in anabolism, possibly indicating lower stress levels, and the effect of 'worse' activities, on the one hand, a temporary decrease in the catabolic index, probably reflecting repressed alcohol consumption, and, on the other hand, impaired anabolism. There was also a general but transient decrease in depressiveness measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results seem to imply that it is difficult to achieve lasting effects through a relatively short participation in a mobilising programme. 相似文献
10.
Giorgio Grossi Töres Theorell Mart Jürisoo Sven Setterlind 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1999,34(1):30-42
The study examined psychosocial work-conditions and physiological reactions among thirty-six police inspectors (median age
45 years, 81% males) who participated in a reorganization. At this time, subjects were threatened by unemployment and had
to reapply for their positions in a new police district. Data were collected during the reorganization and at three years
follow-up, by means of questionnaires (Stress Profile) and blood samples. The blood samples were used to determine serum levels
of gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), glucose, lipids, prolactin, testosterone and cortisol. The results show a positive association
betweenworry about employment and symptoms ofburnout during the reorganization. Mean scores for the Stress Profile sub-scalesworry about employment (p<.01) andwork-load (p<.05) decreased between measurements but an impairment inrelationships with management was noticed (p<.05). No significant changes were observed in terms of self-rated health complaints. Significant decreases in total cholesterol
(p<.0001), LDL-cholesterol (p<.0001), LDL/HDL-ratio (p<.01), prolactin (p<.0001), as well as increases in testosterone (p<.01) and cortisol (p<.001) were observed for the whole sample. Glucose decreased with marginal significance (<.07). Controlling for age and gender,
multivariate regression analyses showed that subjects who reported deteriorations insatisfaction with work manifested the most modest decreases in prolactin (p<.05). Also, the decrease in glucose was larger for subjects who experienced impairments in,satisfaction with work (p<.05), information (p<.05), task-oriented leadership, (p<.05), andrespect and dignity (p<.05). Subjects who perceived deteriorations in theethical and moral standards of the organization increased their cortisol level to a lower degree than their counterparts (p<.05). Favorable changes in employment status and psychosocial work environment seem to be related to improved physiological
functioning. 相似文献