Association between anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

The relationship between anxiety and depression was examined in a sample of 106 children and adolescents referred to an outpatient anxiety disorder clinic for children. Twenty-eight percent of patients with DSM-III diagnoses of anxiety disorders displayed a concurrent major depression. Children with anxiety disorders plus major depression were found (1) to be older, (2) to demonstrate more severe anxiety symptomatology, and (3) to be diagnosed with different rates of certain anxiety-disorder subtypes, when compared to anxious patients without major depression. Nondepressed anxious children and adolescents did not differ from a psychopathological control group in severity of either anxiety or depression symptoms.     

Overanxious disorder: An examination of developmental differences

Differences between a clinical sample of younger (ages 5 to 11) and older (ages 12 to 19) children meeting DSM-III criteria for overanxious disorder (OAD) were examined. Younger and older children were compared in terms of (1) the rates of OAD diagnoses occurring in the two age groups, (2) sociodemographic characteristics, (3) symptom expression, (4) association with other forms of maladjustment, and (5) self-reported anxiety and depression. The prevalence of OAD diagnoses and sociodemographic characteristics did not differ. Although younger and older OAD children showed similar rates of most specific DSM-III OAD symptoms, older children presented with a higher total number of overanxious symptoms than younger children. Older children more frequently exhibited a concurrent major depression or simple phobia, whereas younger OAD children more commonly had coexisting separation anxiety or attention deficit disorders. Older OAD children reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression on self-report measures. Findings indicated that the expression of OAD varies by developmental level.     

The ontogeny of hemispheric specialization: some old hypotheses revisited

This paper re-examines two hypotheses on the ontogeny of hemispheric specialization that long ago fell into disfavor in neuropsychology. It is argued that these hypotheses, equipotentiality and progressive lateralization, may have suffered from misinterpretation that fostered premature acceptance of the developmental invariance view of hemispheric specialization. An alternative view is presented that incorporates both hypotheses within a neurodevelopmental context using anatomical (postmortem) and childhood aphasia data.     

精神医学中的信息系统控制原理

精神医学是临床医学的一个分枝,是高度复杂的一门科学,站在哲学的角度反思,信息系统控制科学方法渗透于精神医学的历史发展过程和临床工作的资料收集、诊断、治疗等各个环节,以及精神医学的科研工作中,还启迪着我国精神卫生事业的发展方向。     

甲状腺占位性病变手术治疗指征的合理选择

近年来,随着超声波的发展,超声波的清晰度越来越高.作为浅表脏器的甲状腺,超声波可发现其内1mm～2mm的占位性病变.由于超声波具有操作简便、快捷、无创性和清晰度高的特点,越来越多的人选择超声波进行甲状腺的常规检查.Mortenson[1]等发现,既往无病史,而解剖中发现有甲状腺占位性病变的高达50%.在超声随机检查中,甲状腺结节的发现率在19%～67%,而其中可以触摸到的结节只有4%～7%,甲状腺结节大部分为良性的,其中5%左右为恶性的[2-3].因此,对超声波检查中发现的占位性病变是否选择治疗以及如何选择治疗方案,从而使需要治疗的患者获得更合理的治疗,就成为人们关注的课题.那么,甲状腺占位性病变手术治疗的指征究竟和什么有关,超声在其中又起了一个什么样的作用呢?     

加强青年医师素质培养进一步提高临床教学水平

探讨青年医师应具备的临床素质:优秀的道德品质、较高的文化素养、扎实的专业知识、较强的身心素质和不断的创新意识.分析目前存在的问题,高学历与实际能力不符、轻视临床思维分析、功利主义思想严重.指出如何强化青年医师的素质培养,规范化培训、注重学习和实践、制定合理政策.     

传统药物治疗认识误区几点浅析

药物是治疗疾病的物质基础,传统药物治疗认识中的许多误区影响人们对疾病的合理治疗.积极宣传药物治疗新理念,普及现代药学知识和理论,提高广大人民群众对药物治疗的认识水平,是避免出现药物治疗认识误区的主要手段.应加强宣传力度,带领群众走出误区,促进合理用药.     

家庭累积风险与流动学前儿童的问题行为：一个有调节的中介模型

为探究家庭累积风险对流动学前儿童问题行为的影响及作用机制,采用家庭累积风险问卷、Devereux幼儿心理弹性评估量表、正念教养问卷,以及长处和困难问卷,对460名流动学前儿童及其家长进行调查。结果表明：（1）正念教养在家庭累积风险与问题行为间起中介作用;（2）心理弹性在家庭累积风险对问题行为直接作用以及家庭累积风险通过正念教养影响问题行为的中介模型后半段起调节作用,且在低家庭累积风险与高正念教养时作用更为明显。     

智能医疗的伦理困境与治理——基于以病人为中心的考察

智能医疗的研究与应用发展迅速,在医疗检测、诊断与预测等多领域都显示出了更强的技术优越性。与此同时,智能医疗也出现了算法黑箱导致的病人知情权受到侵犯、用户数据泄露、公平正义问题以及责任归属难以界定等亟待解决的各种伦理难题,对“以病人为中心”的医学临床传统造成威胁。智能医疗的广泛应用不仅需要突破技术难题,更加需要构建以病人为中心的伦理治理体系,做出尊重病人需求和权利的理性决策。