排序方式: 共有5条查询结果,搜索用时 4 毫秒
1
1.
Obesity is the focus of multiple lines of inquiry that have -- together and separately -- produced many deep insights into
the physiology of weight gain and maintenance. We examine three such streams of research and show how they are oriented to
obesity intervention through multilevel integrated approaches. The first research programme is concerned with the genetics
and biochemistry of fat production, and it links metabolism, physiology, endocrinology and neurochemistry. The second account
of obesity is developmental and draws together epigenetic and environmental explanations that can be embedded in an evolutionary
framework. The third line of research focuses on the role of gut microbes in the production of obesity, and how microbial
activities interact with host genetics, development and metabolism. These interwoven explanatory strategies are driven by
an orientation to intervention, both for experimental and therapeutic outcomes. We connect the integrative and intervention-oriented
aspects of obesity research through a discussion of translation, broadening the concept to capture the dynamic, iterative
processes of scientific practice and therapy development. This system-oriented analysis of obesity research expands the philosophical
scrutiny of contemporary developments in the biosciences and biomedicine, and has the potential to enrich philosophy of science
and medicine. 相似文献
2.
3.
Kate E. Stotz Madoka Itoi Moira Konrad Sheila R. Alber-Morgan 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(2):172-186
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of self-graphing on the writing of 3 fourth grade students with high-incidence
disabilities. Measures of written expression included total number of words written and number of correct word sequences.
During intervention, students self-graphed their total number of words written in response to a timed story starter. A functional
relationship was found between the self-graphing intervention and the total words written and number of correct word sequences.
Implications for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Karola Stotz 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2010,9(4):483-501
Recent theories in cognitive science have begun to focus on the active role of organisms in shaping their own environment,
and the role of these environmental resources for cognition. Approaches such as situated, embedded, ecological, distributed
and particularly extended cognition look beyond ‘what is inside your head’ to the old Gibsonian question of ‘what your head
is inside of’ and with which it forms a wider whole—its internal and external cognitive niche. Since these views have been treated as a radical departure from the received view of cognition, their proponents have looked
for support to similar extended views within (the philosophy of) biology, most notably the theory of niche construction. This
paper argues that there is an even closer and more fruitful parallel with developmental systems theory and developmental niche
construction. These ask not ‘what is inside the genes you inherited’, but ‘what the inherited genes are inside of’ and with
which they form a wider whole—their internal and external ontogenetic niche, understood as the set of epigenetic, social, ecological, epistemic and symbolic legacies inherited by the organism as necessary
developmental resources. To the cognizing agent, the epistemic niche presents itself not just as a partially self-engineered
selective niche, as the niche construction paradigm will have it, but even more so as a partially self-engineered ontogenetic niche, a problem-solving resource and scaffold for individual development and learning. This move should be beneficial for
coming to grips with our own (including cognitive) nature: what is most distinctive about humans is their developmentally
plastic brains immersed into a well-engineered, cumulatively constructed cognitive–developmental niche. 相似文献
5.
We outline three very different concepts of the gene—instrumental, nominal, and postgenomic. The instrumental gene has a critical
role in the construction and interpretation of experiments in which the relationship between genotype and phenotype is explored
via hybridization between organisms or directly between nucleic acid molecules. It also plays an important theoretical role
in the foundations of disciplines such as quantitative genetics and population genetics. The nominal gene is a critical practical
tool, allowing stable communication between bioscientists in a wide range of fields grounded in well-defined sequences of
nucleotides, but this concept does not embody major theoretical insights into genome structure or function. The post-genomic
gene embodies the continuing project of understanding how genome structure supports genome function, but with a deflationary
picture of the gene as a structural unit. This final concept of the gene poses a significant challenge to conventional assumptions
about the relationship between genome structure and function, and between genotype and phenotype. 相似文献
1