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1.
Mark R. Dadds Jeannie K. Sheffield John F. Holbeck 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1990,18(2):121-129
Previous research has tentatively indicated that coercive, ineffective parenting might have a mediating role in the differential impact of marital discord on boys and girls. To further explore this role, we examined the relationship between children's perceptions of marital discord and their evaluations of parental discipline techniques. Ninety-one children aged 8 to 13 years (mean age: 11 years 4 months) were split into high, moderate, and low perceived marital discord on the basis of their responses to the Children's Perceptions Questionnaire (Emery & O'Leary, 1982). The children rated how coercive they believed both mothers and fathers would and should be in three discipline situations. Children with high marital discord indicated that both mothers and fathers would and should use more coercive behavior than did children with low marital discord. The effects of marital discord were stronger for boys than for girls. All children also believed that fathers would and should be more coercive than mothers. Results are discussed in relation to the effects of marital discord on children's social development with regard to sex of the child.Thanks are due to Mike Siegal and Pat Noller for their helpful comments on previous drafts. 相似文献
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But I thought it was Mickey Mouse: the effects of new postevent information on 18-month-olds' memory
Sheffield EG 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2004,87(3):221-238
Two experiments examined the effects of postevent information on 18-month-olds' event memory. Experiment 1 (N=60) explored whether children's memory was reinstated when action information was eliminated from the reinstatement and only object information was introduced. Experiment 2 (N=48) examined children's recall when either (a). information about the objects' target actions was replaced with new action information or (b). the original training objects were replaced with new objects. In an elicited-imitation paradigm, children were trained to perform six target actions, watched a video reinstatement 10 weeks later, and were tested for recall 24 h after reinstatement. Two results were found. First, a video reminder eliminating action information reinstated children's memory as effectively as a video containing object and action information. Second, children were reminded of their past training when during reinstatement action information was preserved and new objects were presented but were not reminded when object information was preserved and new actions were presented. 相似文献
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Julia M. Sheffield James M. Gold Milton E. Strauss Cameron S. Carter Angus W. MacDonald III J. Daniel Ragland Steven M. Silverstein Deanna M. Barch 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2014,14(1):161-174
The goals of the present study were to assess the interrelationships among tasks from the MATRICS and CNTRACS batteries, to determine the degree to which tasks from each battery capture unique variance in cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, and to determine the ability of tasks from each battery to predict functional outcome. Subjects were 104 schizophrenia patients and 132 healthy control subjects recruited as part of the CNTRACS initiative. All subjects completed four CNTRACS tasks and two tasks from the MATRICS battery: Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Symbol Coding and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. Functional outcome was also assessed in the schizophrenia subjects. In both the patient and control groups, we found significant intercorrelations between all higher order cognitive tasks (episodic memory, goal maintenance, processing speed, verbal learning) but minimal relationships with the visual task. For almost all tasks, scores were significantly related to measures of functional outcome, with higher associations between CNTRACS tasks and performance-based measures of function and between one of the MATRICS tasks and self-reported functioning, relative to the other functioning measures. After regressing out variance shared by other tasks, we continued to observe group differences in performance among task residuals, particularly for measures of episodic memory from both batteries, although these residuals did not correlate as robustly with functional outcome as raw test scores. These findings suggest that there exists both shared and specific variance across cognitive tasks related to cognitive and functional impairments in schizophrenia and that measures derived from cognitive neuroscience can predict functional capacity and status in schizophrenia. 相似文献
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Hemodynamic responses to active and passive coping tasks and the prediction of future blood pressure in Thai participants: A preliminary prospective cohort study 下载免费PDF全文
Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat David Sheffield Ian Baker Frances Maratos 《The Japanese psychological research》2015,57(4):288-299
Cardiovascular responses to mental stress tests have been related to future blood pressure (BP) levels. However, most studies have been completed in North America and Europe; only one study has been conducted in Asia. Therefore, the study explored whether cardiovascular responses to mental stress predict future resting BP in Thailand. Hemodynamic measures were obtained from 101 healthy adults before, during and after mental arithmetic, a speech task, and a cold pressor task. A follow‐up assessment of resting BP was undertaken 1 year later. Results showed that Thais responded to standardized mental stress tasks with large and significant cardiovascular reactivity. Regression analyses indicated that, after adjustment for baseline BP and traditional risk factors, heightened systolic blood pressure (SBP) responses to mental arithmetic were associated with increased future SBP (ΔR2 = .045). These findings suggest that BP reactivity predicts future BP and may play a role in the development of hypertension. In addition, Thais displayed large cardiovascular responses to standardized mental stress tasks, of a similar magnitude to previous studies of North Americans and Europeans. 相似文献
6.
Relational Aggression in Mothers and Children: Links with Psychological Control and Child Adjustment
Tiffany J. Reed Sara E. Goldstein Amanda Sheffield Morris Angela W. Keyes 《Sex roles》2008,59(1-2):39-48
This study assesses associations between mothers’ use of relational aggression with their peers and psychological control with their children, and child adjustment in a sample of fifty U.S. mothers of elementary and middle school children. Mothers completed surveys assessing their relational aggression and psychological control. Teachers completed surveys assessing children’s externalizing behavior, internalizing symptoms, and relational aggression. Results suggest that mothers who are relationally aggressive with their peers are more likely to be psychologically controlling with their children. Results also showed that relational aggression predicted adjustment problems in youth. Relational aggression was associated with externalizing problems among boys and girls, and with internalizing problems among boys. Few gender differences in mean levels of maternal or child behaviors emerged. 相似文献
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Koa Whittingham Kate Sofronoff Jeanie Sheffield Matthew R. Sanders 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):469-480
Whilst the Triple P Positive Parenting Program has a large evidence base (Sanders, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
2:71–90, 1999; Sanders, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68:624–640, 2000) and preliminary evidence indicates that Stepping Stones Triple P is also efficacious (Roberts, Journal of Clinical Child
and Adolescent Psychology, 35(2):180–193, 2006), to date Stepping Stones has not been evaluated with the ASD population. Fifty-nine families with a child with ASD aged
between 2 and 9 participated in this randomized controlled trial. The results demonstrate significant improvements in parental
reports of child behaviour and parenting styles with the treatment effects for child behaviour, parental over reactivity and
parental verbosity being maintained at follow-up 6 months later. Further, the results suggest significant improvements in
parental satisfaction and conflict about parenting as well as a sleeper effect for parental efficacy. The results indicate
that Stepping Stones Triple P is a promising intervention for parents of children with ASD. Limitations and future research
are also addressed. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACTObjective: A systematic meta-synthesis of qualitative studies was conducted to interpret and synthesise findings from studies investigating the experiences, quality of life, and psychosocial impact of caregiving on adult informal caregivers of people with dementia.Design: The meta-synthesis was conducted according to the principles of meta-ethnography.Results: Fourteen studies describing the experiences of 265 informal caregivers were reviewed. The meta-synthesis elicited the following themes: (1) understanding and making sense of the dementia diagnosis, changing symptoms, and the caregiver role; (2) coping strategies, psychological facilitators and rewards of caregiver role; (3) challenges of caring for a person with dementia and their behaviour; (4) caregivers' relationships with care-recipient and other informal caregivers; and (5) caregivers’ experiences of formal support services and material resources.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for a person-centred approach to care planning that also accounts for the needs of the informal caregiver to promote better caregiver well-being and quality of life. Caregivers’ emotional support, coping, resilience, need for information and respite care and adjustment to caregiver identity should be reviewed as part of the care package for the person with dementia. 相似文献
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The demand for genetic counseling services is increasing worldwide. This paper highlights the Australian experience of genetic
counselor education and the history of the profession. The relevance of local factors, including the healthcare system, the
education system and the small population in the evolution of the 1-year training programs are considered as an alternative
model for emerging programs. The development of the education and training processes compared to that of other countries namely
the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada is discussed. The importance of international collaborations
between the programs, to facilitate academic discussion and possible curriculum innovations, and to maintain professional
understanding between genetic counselors is emphasized. Core genetic counseling competencies have been published for the UK
and USA and an Australian set is proposed. In conclusion future directions are considered, including international issues
around genetic counseling certification, reciprocity, and the potential for an Australian role in training genetic counselors
in South East Asia. 相似文献
10.
M W Sheffield S H Barlow M J Lambert H Hoyal K C Thompson M Garbutt 《Journal of personality disorders》1999,13(3):287-296
Theoretical conceptualizations of symptomatology in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have noted an inability to integrate contradictory perceptions (splitting, or dichotomous thinking) as a hallmark of the disorder. This study investigated contradictions manifest in the thinking and behavior of BPD patients, using the concept of paradox. A paradox occurs when an apparent contradiction contains an underlying logic which makes the contradiction comprehensible. Using qualitative methods of analysis, this study explored paradoxes evident in 10 BPD patient narratives about relationship events. Specific paradoxes relating to interpersonal conflicts and self-destructiveness are presented, along with the underlying logic of each paradox as described by patients. Implications for treatment are discussed. 相似文献