试论存在主义对人本主义心理学的影响

从人本主义心理学产生发展的背景,研究命题与体系式思想．研究方法及在咨询和治疗上的应用四个方面来探讨存在主义对人本主义心理学的积极影响。主要关注存在主义作为一种哲学思潮在对人性,人的生存方式和独特性的看法上给予人本主义心理学的启示．以及存在主义的创新的本体论对于人本主义心理学在跳出传统心理学模式走上“第三条道路”上的推动作用。     

工作倦怠的测量及其干预研究综述

工作倦怠不仅会给组织和家庭带来消极的影响,而且会严重损害个体的身心健康,因而有必要采取措施进行干预。文章首先描述工作倦怠的定义,接着对其测量进行介绍,然后在此基础上分析其相关的影响因素,并指出如何实现有效的干预,最后对研究的热点进行了展望。     

农民合作社对村庄治理的影响——基于对吉林梨树县百信农民合作社的实证调查

通过对吉林省梨树县百信农民合作社的实地调查,笔者对农民合作的动因进行了分析,并对合作社的内部治理结构、组织功能和组织文化进行了相关研究。笔者认为,以经济关系联合起来的农民在成为合作社的社员以后,并没有改变其村民的身份,这就出现了一个主体两种身份的局面,势必会把合作社和村庄治理挂起钩来;合作社的发展会对以村民自治为核心的村庄治理产生一些示范效应,并可能对村庄体制内组织功能产生一些替代。     

The preference for potential

When people seek to impress others, they often do so by highlighting individual achievements. Despite the intuitive appeal of this strategy, we demonstrate that people often prefer potential rather than achievement when evaluating others. Indeed, compared with references to achievement (e.g., "this person has won an award for his work"), references to potential (e.g., "this person could win an award for his work") appear to stimulate greater interest and processing, which can translate into more favorable reactions. This tendency creates a phenomenon whereby the potential to be good at something can be preferred over actually being good at that very same thing. We document this preference for potential in laboratory and field experiments, using targets ranging from athletes to comedians to graduate school applicants and measures ranging from salary allocations to online ad clicks to admission decisions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).     

基本药物制度对首诊制的影响及对策研究

基本药物制度实施后,药品价格降低,医保报销比例增加,有利于吸引患者到社区医疗机构就诊,促进了首诊制发展,但由于基本药物种类有限,居民用药习惯以及财政补偿不到位等都影响了基层卫生机构的功能发挥,不利于首诊制的发展.基本药物制度在实施中要不断完善,最终达到与首诊制共同发展的双赢局面.     

低治愈率患者医疗损害救济研究

低治愈率患者受到医疗损害后,难以依照传统因果关系理论证明其最终损害与医疗过失行为间存在因果关系,故无法得到赔偿.在我国现行法律框架内,可转换最终损害概念,借鉴国外“期待权理论”处理相关问题.但“生存可能性”是统计学结论,若具体患者生存可能性实际并未降低,被告的侵权损害责任不能成立.     

相干逻辑关系语义的推理解释

关系语义是相干逻辑中最为重要的语义学之一,但是关系语义一开始就以"纯粹"的形式语义的面貌出现,其中三元关系R的直观意思是什么并不清楚,于是出现了关于关系语义的多种解释。我们认为,R所代表的是推理规则集、前提集和结论集三者之间的关系,据此提出了推理语义。推理语义以推理的形式结构为背景,有明确的直观意义。本文以相干逻辑系统R+为例,证明出推理语义是与关系语义等价的语义。从推理语义与关系语义的这个等价关系上看,推理语义完全可以作为对于关系语义直观解释的一个中间环节。由此不仅使得关系语义有了推理结构的解释,同时说明了相干逻辑是一种关于推理的逻辑。这与相干逻辑产生的历史也完全吻合。     

Clergy Burnout: A Comparison Study with Other Helping Professions

Clergy experience a large number of stressors in their work, including role overload and emotional labor. Although studies have found high rates of depression in clergy, the degree of work-related burnout in clergy compared to other occupations is unknown. The widely used Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measures three aspects of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. We sought studies using comparable versions of the MBI for clergy; for social workers, counselors, and teachers because of those occupations’ emotional intensity and labor; and for police and emergency personnel because of the unpredictability and stress-related physiological arousal in those occupations. We found a total of 84 studies and compared the ranges of burnout scores between the studies of clergy, each additional occupation, and MBI published mean norms. Compared to U.S. norms, clergy exhibited moderate rates of burnout. Across the three kinds of burnout, clergy scores were relatively better than those of police and emergency personnel, similar to those of social workers and teachers, and worse than those of counselors. Clergy may benefit from burnout prevention strategies used by counselors. The moderate levels of burnout found for clergy, despite the numerous stressors associated with their occupation, suggest that clergy generally cope well and may be models to study. Overall, there is room for improvement in burnout for all professions, especially police and emergency personnel. It is important to remember the variation within any profession, including clergy, and prevent and address burnout for those in need.     

家庭社会功能在糖尿病患者遵医行为的支持作用

家庭与人们的健康息息相关 ,实施以家庭为单位的保健技术 ,探索家庭社会功能对人健康的影响 ,动员家庭内外资源来改善家庭功能 ,维持个人健康 ,强化家庭中病人的社会支持是十分重要的。糖尿病是一种常见的慢性疾病 ,人们已认识到糖尿病的发病因素涉及到生物、心理、家庭和社会多个层次 ,糖尿病一经确诊 ,不能根治 ,只能控制。患者必须接受长期的医疗保健 ,要求严格地遵守饮食制度 ,定期监测尿糖 ,定时定量地运用药物及适度的运动 ,糖尿病患者必须克服过去不良的生活习惯建立新的生活方式配合治疗 ,具有良好的遵医行为以控制血糖的升高 ,从而…