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1.
Patients with chronic stress and ambiguous symptoms are likely to be more frequent in primary care. Somatizers represent 75.8% of the patients in this study and executives 56% of the sample. Job stressors were present in 78.3% of executive men. This scenario suggests that the primary care physician has to be academically better prepared to fully understand and deal with stress problems in daily clinical practice. The physician must have skills to deal with stress at a curative and preventive level, extending those skills to the workplace. 相似文献
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3.
A common observation in studies of perceived (imagined) compared to actual movement in a reaching paradigm is the tendency to overestimate. Of the studies noted, reaching tasks have been presented in the general midline range. In the present study, strong right-handers were asked to judge the reachability of visual targets projected onto a table surface at midline, right- (RVF), and left-visual fields (LVF). Midline results support those of previous studies, showing an overestimation bias. In contrast, participants revealed the tendency to underestimate their reachability in RVF and LVF. These findings are discussed from the perspective of actor 'confidence' (a cognitive state) possibly associated with visual information, perceived ability, and perceived task demands. 相似文献
4.
Blair HT Schafe GE Bauer EP Rodrigues SM LeDoux JE 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2001,8(5):229-242
Fear conditioning is a form of associative learning in which subjects come to express defense responses to a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) that is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). Considerable evidence suggests that critical neural changes mediating the CS-US association occur in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA). Further, recent studies show that associative long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs in pathways that transmit the CS to LA, and that drugs that interfere with this LTP also disrupt behavioral fear conditioning when infused into the LA, suggesting that associative LTP in LA might be a mechanism for storing memories of the CS-US association. Here, we develop a detailed cellular hypothesis to explain how neural responses to the CS and US in LA could induce LTP-like changes that store memories during fear conditioning. Specifically, we propose that the CS evokes EPSPs at sensory input synapses onto LA pyramidal neurons, and that the US strongly depolarizes these same LA neurons. This depolarization, in turn, causes calcium influx through NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and also causes the LA neuron to fire action potentials. The action potentials then back-propagate into the dendrites, where they collide with CS-evoked EPSPs, resulting in calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Although calcium entry through NMDARs is sufficient to induce synaptic changes that support short-term fear memory, calcium entry through both NMDARs and VGCCs is required to initiate the molecular processes that consolidate synaptic changes into a long-term memory. 相似文献
5.
Rodrigues CS de Oliveira VZ Camargo G Osório CM de Castilhos RM Saraiva-Pereira ML Schuler-Faccini L Jardim LB 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(1):101-112
Diagnostic tests are available to detect several mutations related to adult-onset, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative diseases.
We aimed to describe our experience in a presymptomatic testing program run by the Brazilian Public Health System from 1999
to 2009. A total of 184 individuals were eligible for presymptomatic testing due to a risk for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)
- SCA3 (80%), Huntington’s disease (11.9%), familial amyloidotic neuropathy (4.3%), SCA1, SCA2, SCA6, or SCA7. Most were women
(70%), married (54%), and had children prior to presymptomatic testing (67%). Their mean age at entrance was 34 (SD = 11 years).
Educational level was above the average Brazilian standard. After receipt of genetic counseling, 100 individuals (54%) decided
to undergo testing; of these, 51 were carriers. Since no individual returned for post-test psychological evaluation, we conducted
a subsequent survey, unrelated to test disclosures. We contacted 57 individuals of whom 31 agreed to participate (24 had been
tested, 7 had not). Several ascertainment concerns relating to these numerous losses prevented us from generalizing our results
from this second survey. We concluded that: decision-making regarding presymptomatic testing seems to be genuinely autonomous,
since after genetic counseling half the individuals who asked for presymptomatic testing decided in favor and half decided
against it; general characteristics of Brazilians who sought presymptomatic testing were similar to many European samples
studied previously; and individuals at risk for SCA3 may be at greater risk of depression. Although no clear-cut reason emerged
for rejection of follow-up psychological sessions after presymptomatic testing, this finding suggests adjustments to our presymptomatic
testing program are necessary. 相似文献
6.
Foster Daniel Rodrigues Michelle Somir Indika Aziz Tahsia Patel Radhika Ragunathan Sharmigaa Sokolovic Nina Jenkins Jennifer 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(9):2556-2570
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Children whose mothers display more positivity during interactions tend to have better mental health. Some studies investigating associations between... 相似文献
7.
Maria Emília Rodrigues de Oliveira Thais Gisele Cavallazzi Douglas Afonso Formolo Lucas D'Ávila de Castro Roseli Schmoeller Ricardo Guarnieri Marcelo Liborio Schwarzbold Alexandre Paim Diaz Alexandre Hohl Rui D. S. Prediger Maria Joana Mader Marcelo Neves Linhares Angelica Staniloiu Hans J. Markowitsch Roger Walz 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2014,8(1):125-139
8.
The aim of this study was to compare the learning process of a highly complex ballet skill following demonstrations of point-light and video models. 16 participants divided into point-light and video groups (ns = 8) performed 160 trials of a pirouette, equally distributed in blocks of 20 trials, alternating periods of demonstration and practice, with a retention test a day later. Measures of head and trunk oscillation, coordination disparity from the model, and movement time difference showed similarities between video and point-light groups; ballet experts' evaluations indicated superiority of performance in the video over the point-light group. Results are discussed in terms of the task requirements of dissociation between head and trunk rotations, focusing on the hypothesis of sufficiency and higher relevance of information contained in biological motion models applied to learning of complex motor skills. 相似文献
9.
Jillian Grose-Fifer Andrea Rodrigues Steven Hoover Tina Zottoli 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2013,9(2):81-91
Poor decision making during adolescence occurs most frequently when situations
are emotionally charged. However, relatively few studies have measured the
development of cognitive control in response to emotional stimuli in this
population. This study used both affective (emotional faces) and non-affective
(letter) stimuli in two different flanker tasks to assess the ability to ignore
task-irrelevant but distracting information, in 25 adults and 25 adolescents. On
the non-emotional (letter) flanker task, the presence of incongruent flanking
letters increased the number of errors, and also slowed participants’ ability to
identify a central letter. Adolescents committed more errors than adults, but
there were no age-related differences for the reaction time interference effect
in the letter condition. Post-hoc testing revealed that age-related differences
on the task were driven by the younger adolescents (11-14 years); adults and
older adolescents (15-17 years) were equally accurate in the letter condition.
In contrast, on the emotional face flanker task, not only were adolescents less
accurate than adults but they were also more distracted by task-irrelevant
fearful faces as evidenced by greater reaction time interference effects. Our
findings suggest that the ability to self-regulate in adolescents, as evidenced
by the ability to suppress irrelevant information on a flanker task, is more
difficult when stimuli are affective in nature. The ability to ignore irrelevant
flankers appears to mature earlier for non-affective stimuli than for affective
stimuli. 相似文献
10.
Walz R Roesler R Quevedo J Sant'Anna MK Madruga M Rodrigues C Gottfried C Medina JH Izquierdo I 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2000,73(1):11-20
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is abundantly expressed in postmitotic neurons of the developed nervous system. MAPK is activated and required for induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, which is blocked by the specific inhibitor of the MAPK kinase, PD 098059. Recently it was demonstrated that MAPK is activated in the hippocampus after training and is necessary for contextual fear conditioning learning. The present work tests the role of the MAPK cascade in step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA) retention. PD 098059 (50 microM) was bilaterally injected (0.5 microl/side) into the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus or entorhinal cortex at 0, 90, 180, or 360 min, or into the amygdala or parietal cortex at 0, 180, or 360 min after IA training in rats using a 0.4-mA foot shock. Retention testing was carried out 24 h after training. PD 098059 impaired retention when injected into the dorsal hippocampus at 180 min, but not 0, 90, and 360 min after training. When infused into the entorhinal cortex, PD 098059 was amnestic at 0 and 180 min, but not at 90 and 360 min after training. The MAPKK inhibitor also impairs IA retention when infused into the parietal cortex immediately after training, but not at 180 or 360 min. Infusions performed into amygdala were amnestic at 180 min, but not at 0 and 360 min after training. Our results suggest a time-dependent involvement of the MAPK cascade in the posttraining memory processing of IA; the time dependency is different in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, or parietal cortex of rats. 相似文献