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The term dual use technologies refers to research and technology with the potential both to yield valuable scientific knowledge
and to be used for nefarious purposes with serious consequences for public health or the environment. There are two main approaches
to assessing dual use technologies: pragmatic and metaphysical. A pragmatic approach relies on ethical principles and norms
to generate specific guidance and policy for dual use technologies. A metaphysical approach exhorts us to the deeper study
of human nature, our intentions, goals, values ideals and social relations when considering dual use technology. Use of science
and technology (S and T) is determined by two components of human nature: human intentions and choices. We have drawn a distinction
between specific measures, goals and intentions with respect to technologies in order to show that moral judgment about technologies
must precede their use. Understanding of our intentionality and values, and our moral ideals, as a measurable, tangible part
of the real world is important for the prevention of any possible harm from S and T. In the context of dual use technologies,
we stress the importance of three main understandings of human nature: vulnerability, responsibility and narrative identity.
These can become a strong ontological “antidote” to technology’s poisoning of modern man. Each new technology can be measured
and compared with man’s values, traditions and societal norms. This can be done bearing in mind the concept that human nature
is not dualistic, but pluralistic. A system of ethical principles that includes the principles of good intentions, the correspondence
of goals and means, the balancing of risks and benefits, simplicity, and contextuality, will help ensure that technologies
are more humanistic and friendly to human beings. 相似文献
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Pustovit SV 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):85-94
Today local, national and international ethics committees have become an effective means of social regulation in many European
countries. Science itself is an important precondition for the development of bioethical knowledge and ethics expertise. Cultural,
social, historical and religious preconditions can facilitate different forms and methods of ethics expertise in each country.
Ukrainian ethics expertise has some methodological problems connected with its socio-cultural, historical, science and philosophy
development particularities. In this context, clarification of some common legitimacies or methodological approaches to ethics
committee (EC) phenomena such as globalization, scientization and the prioritization of an ethics paradigm are very important.
On the other hand, elaborate study and critical analysis of international experience by Ukraine and other Eastern European
countries will provide the integration of their local and national ethics expertises into a world bioethics ethos.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference entitled ‘The Responsible Conduct
of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
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