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Combinators and structurally free logic 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Delayed reinforcement of fixed-ratio performance without mediating exteroceptive conditioned reinforcement 下载免费PDF全文
The performance of pigeons was studied under conditions in which the completion of a fixed-ratio requirement was not contiguous with the presentation of a reinforcer. Timein and timeout periods alternated throughout the experimental sessions. Responses made by an experimental bird during the timein period were accumulated, and when a fixed-ratio requirement had been met, grain was presented to the experimental bird and a yoked control following their first response in the next timein period. Across most manipulations of the fixed-ratio requirement and of the duration of the timeout period, the response rates of the experimental birds were considerably higher than those of their controls, suggesting that the response-reinforcer dependency controlled the behavior of the experimental bird in the absence of a close temporal association between responding on the ratio schedule and reinforcer presentations. 相似文献
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Economic threat undermines the satisfaction of psychological needs for competence and autonomy 下载免费PDF全文
During times of macroeconomic instability, the prospect of personal financial deficiency becomes a pervasive concern. This research examined the psychological consequences of contemplating threatening economic futures. In two experiments, we tested whether economic threat undermined the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for competence and autonomy. In Experiment 1, Canadian university students primed with an economic threat (compared with a threat‐neutral topic) reported feeling less competent and autonomous. In Experiment 2, American adults primed with an economic threat reported less competence and autonomy compared to both those primed with (a) a noneconomic threat and (b) a threat‐neutral topic. Participants under economic threat also reported lower well‐being compared with threat‐neutral participants. This effect was mediated by self‐perceived competence and autonomy. 相似文献
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It is written all over your face: Socially rejected people display microexpressions that are detectable after training in the Micro Expression Training Tool (METT) 下载免费PDF全文
Kelly McDonald Ian R. Newby‐Clark Jennifer Walker Kallee Henselwood 《European journal of social psychology》2018,48(2):O175-O181
Social rejection is a powerful negative emotional experience, yet rejected people often appear stoic and unmoved. That is, their macroexpressions of emotion are not accurate reflections of their emotional states. Yet, there is reason to believe that rejected people exhibit involuntary microexpressions of negative emotion. We contrasted people's macroexpressions of emotion with their microexpressions subsequent to an acceptance or rejection experience. Observers coded microexpressions after being trained with the Micro Expression Training Tool. Rejected participants expressed more sad and angry microexpressions than did accepted participants. This research demonstrates that socially rejected people display negative microexpressions that are detectable by observers trained in the Micro Expression Training Tool. 相似文献
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Scores on the Profile of Mood States were collected from football players at a small university each week prior to a Saturday football contest. The scores were analyzed to assess whether mood varied as a function of the outcome of the previous week's game. Although the subjects' overall mood state was not influenced by the outcome of the games, scores on Tension, Vigor, Fatigue, and Confusion varied. Fatigue and Confusion were related to the outcomes of the games and gave partial support to the hypothesis that the players' mood would vary according to the outcome of the games played. 相似文献
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Using a BAB design, a token system requiring cooperative interaction was used to change the reading and vocabulary performance of an 18-member class of third-grade hyperactive boys. Four different colored tokens, which could be exchanged for 15 minutes of play on electrovideo games, were earned by successful completion of two tasks that involved learning to read and to use new vocabulary words in sentences, and two tasks in which the student served as a proctor to a student who had not yet completed those tasks. The mean number of tasks completed during the intervention periods rose to over nine times the number completed during reversal. Additionally, the average completion rate for the school district's standardized weekly reading level examinations rose from four to eight fold during the token conditions. All 18 students responded to the token program by increasing their academic performance. 相似文献
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Perfectionistic Automatic Thoughts,Trait Perfectionism,and Bulimic Automatic Thoughts in Young Women
Gordon L. Flett Jennifer Newby Paul L. Hewitt Christina Persaud 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2011,29(3):192-206
The current research examined the associations among perfectionistic automatic thoughts, trait perfectionism, negative automatic
thoughts, and bulimic automatic thoughts. A non-clinical sample of 94 undergraduate women completed the Perfectionism Cognitions
Inventory, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and the Bulimic Automatic Thoughts
Test. Correlational tests revealed that two automatic thoughts measures (perfectionistic automatic thoughts and negative automatic
thoughts) and two trait perfectionism measures (self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism) were associated significantly
with bulimic automatic thoughts with the strongest association being between perfectionistic automatic thoughts and bulimic
automatic thoughts. Regression analyses showed that perfectionistic thoughts predicted unique variance in bulimic thoughts
beyond variance attributable to trait perfectionism and negative automatic thoughts. The findings are discussed in terms of
the need to incorporate an explicit focus on perfectionistic automatic thoughts into treatment interventions and conceptual
models of perfectionism and eating disorders. 相似文献