Determinants of perceived role conflict among women in bangladesh

The purpose of the present study was to find important determinants of perceived role conflict (PRC) by building a regression model. The paper examined the joint linear influences of wife's age, her income, her time for household chores and outside job, her female role perception (FRP), husband's income, his time for household work and outside job, total number of children, child-density, age of youngest child, and age of oldest unmarried girl to the variance of PRC of women. It also examined relative contribution of each of the independent variables controlling the influences of other independent variables to the variance of the PRC. The subjects were 140 women (homemakers—63; working women—77) from Dhaka City. One demographic and work characteristics questionnaire, one FRP Scale (Ilyas & Zaman, 1988), and one PRC Scale (Begun & Tasneem, 1984) were administered by two female interviewers visiting the household of the subjects. Regression analysis indicated that 27.12% of the variance (R ² change = .2712) of PRC was explained by all the independent variables operating jointly. However, FRP alone explained 20.61% variance of the PRC. Standardized beta indicated that one standard deviation unit change in FRP introduced greatest change ( = -.512) in PRC and one unit change in husband's time for outside job, the least change ( = -.003). Part and partial correlation coefficient also indicated FRP is related negatively to PRC. Thus, FRP is the only independent variable contributing significantly to the variance of the PRC.     

Active school travel is associated with fewer suicide attempts among adolescents from low-and middle-income countries

Background/Objective: This study explored the association between active school travel (AST) and suicide attempts among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Method: We used the data from the Global School-based Health Survey, including 127,097 adolescents aged 13-17 years from 34 LMICs. A self-reported survey was used to collect data on AST and suicide attempts as well as some variables. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between AST and suicide attempts. A meta-analysis with random effects was undertaken to identify the difference in the association between AST and suicide attempts. Results: Across all the adolescents, the prevalence of AST was 37% and the prevalence of suicide attempts was 11.60%. Adolescents who engaged in AST were less likely to have suicide attempts irrespective of gender. The country-wise analysis indicated a large inconsistency in the association between AST and suicide attempt across the countries. Conclusions: AST would appear to be a protective factor for reducing suicide attempts among adolescents. However, the association between AST and suicide attempts varied greatly across the countries. Future studies should confirm the association between AST and suicide attempts.     

Top-down strategy in rehabilitation of spatial neglect: how about age effect?

The aim of this work is to verify the effectiveness of our treatment in patients with spatial neglect in relation to their age and to the severity of neglect. Lots of studies on rehabilitation were proposed and, in some of them, treatments based upon visual-scanning abilities were described. Our rehabilitation training is aimed to induce patients to find by themselves an adequate strategy to solve spatial problems and, after that, try to let this searching strategy as automatized as possible. In this study, forty-six patients with right brain damage and left visuo-spatial neglect underwent to this specific cognitive treatment. A neuropsychological battery was administered before and after treatment. Repeated measure MANOVA on test performances showed significant main effects of treatments, age, and severity of neglect; an interaction effect between these three variables was found as well. Our results confirm an effectiveness of treatment, in particular for elderly patients. Actually, they seem to show a better recovery of neglect after cerebral stroke, even for those of them affected by a severe neglect. These data could be explained in accordance with recent neurophysiological models that claim compensatory responses to reduce brain plasticity even in terms of reorganization of cognitive functions such as visuo-spatial attention.     

Just ignore or counterattack? On the effects of different strategies for dealing with political attacks

During political races, candidates have to decide how to deal with the negative remarks from opposing candidates: just ignore or counterattack? In two studies, we investigated some of the consequences of this choice. In Study 1, participants were presented with a political candidate who systematically attacked his opponent and with the reactions of the attacked candidate: across conditions, the attacked candidate only focused on his political program or counterattacked. Results showed an overt condemnation of the choice to counterattack but a higher spontaneous conformity toward the candidate who counterattacked. Study 2 replicated and extended these results indicating that the gender of the attacked candidate did not affect the results. Moreover, Study 2 showed that conformity toward the attacked candidate was positively related to the predicted chances of winning the election. Results are discussed in relation to their theoretical and applied implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Islamic Perspective on Coping with Life Stressors

There is growing popularity among researchers, human-resource managers, and policy makers concerning the efficacy of coping strategies on employee well-being and work-family conflict. The role of religious belief and spiritual support mechanisms in maintaining effective well-being remains understudied. This research explores the Islamic concept and categories of coping strategies, and discusses the role they play in promoting the well-being of Muslim employees in general. We further examine various religious strategies that Muslims often use to cope with life stressors including religiosity, belief, trust in God, prayer, forbearance, supplication, recitation of the Qur’an, remembrance of God, patience and thankfulness; all of which serve as effective coping strategies and mechanisms in the face of life stressors.