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This study indicates that sales volume, stage in the product life cycle, profitability and turnover are all important predictors of the method and magnitude of financial rewards provided by high tech firms to R and D employees. The most favorable situational factors for R and D incentive compensation are a low sales volume high tech company, operating in the growth stage of the product life cycle, with high turnover rates, and capable of linking profitability to incentive rewards such as bonuses. 相似文献
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This study explains differences among managers and technicians in twenty-two non-western countries in terms of the field articulation cognitive style. A review of the behavioral referents of the field articulate cognitive style suggested that this variable is appropriately related to occupational interests and tasks and adaptability to industrial technique. Previous studies also suggested the hypothesis that socioeconomic status variables are related to both cognitive style and national or cultural differences. This hypothesis was confirmed using both the EFT and the RFT as measures of field articulation in a group of three hundred twenty-nine managers and technicians representing twenty-two non-western developing countries. Several explanations of these findings are discussed in terms of functional requirements for adult roles in a society and in terms of the relative affluence or level of poverty. 相似文献
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Erik G. Willcutt Nomita Chhabildas Mikaela Kinnear John C. DeFries Richard K. Olson Daniel R. Leopold Janice M. Keenan Bruce F. Pennington 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2014,42(1):21-35
Studies of subtypes of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have provided inconsistent support for the discriminant validity of the combined type (ADHD-C) and predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I). A large sample of children and adolescents with ADHD (N?=?410) and a comparison group without ADHD (N?=?311) were used to test the internal and external validity of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), a dimension characterized by low energy and sleepy and sluggish behavior. SCT scores were then incorporated in analyses of ADHD subtypes to test whether the discriminant validity of ADHD-C and ADHD-I could be improved by including SCT symptoms as part of the criteria for ADHD-I. Factor analyses of parent and teacher ratings indicated that six SCT items loaded on a factor separate from symptoms of ADHD and other psychopathology, providing important support for the internal validity of SCT. The external validity of SCT was supported by significant associations between SCT and measures of functional impairment and neuropsychological functioning when symptoms of ADHD and other psychopathology were controlled. However, contrary to initial predictions, high levels of SCT did not identify a subgroup of ADHD-I that was clearly distinct from ADHD-C. Instead, the current results suggest that DSM-IV inattention and SCT are separate but correlated symptom dimensions that are each independently associated with important aspects of functional impairment and neuropsychological functioning. 相似文献
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Leopold Gruenfeld Peter Weissenberg Wallace Loh 《International journal of psychology》1973,8(1):41-49
L'?uvre de McClelland et les recherches interculturelles rapportées par Witkin permettent de supposer que les aspirations à la réussite personnelle, d'une part, et le style cognitif, d'autre part, sont liés au niveau d'industrialisation. Dans cette étude, on a comparé les valeurs de réalisation de soi et le style cognitif d'étudiants américains et péruviens de même niveau social et de même origine urbaine. Les résultats ne soutiennent pas l'hypothèse de différence entre les deux échantillons et attirent l'attention sur la nécessité de contrôler, dans ce type de recherches, des variables telles que le niveau social, le degré d'instruction ou l'origine urbaine des sujets. 相似文献