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A. Harada K. Kusunoki K. Moritani K. Matsumoto M. Hatano 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2021,101(1):40-50
ABSTRACT The microstructure just below the fracture surface in hydrogen-charged stable austenitic SUS 316L stainless steel, which was subjected to a low strain rate tensile test at ?70°C, was studied by a combination of the focused-ion-beam method and transmission electron microscopy. An amorphous region with a chemical composition almost identical to that of the polycrystalline region was found under the lath-like structure on the fracture surface, although no deterioration of tensile properties by hydrogen appeared. In the amorphous region, band-like regions with wavy contrasts were observed, which were often accompanied by cracks at the boundaries. The presence of the amorphous region with band-like regions implies that amorphization occurred due to high-density vacancies accompanied by agglomerations of excess vacancies in the hydrogen-charged SUS 316L stainless steel that was tensile-tested at low temperatures. 相似文献
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Satoshi Hirata Koki Fuwa Keiko Sugama Kiyo Kusunoki Shin Fujita 《Animal cognition》2010,13(5):679-688
This paper reports on the use of an eye-tracking technique to examine how chimpanzees look at facial photographs of conspecifics.
Six chimpanzees viewed a sequence of pictures presented on a monitor while their eye movements were measured by an eye tracker.
The pictures presented conspecific faces with open or closed eyes in an upright or inverted orientation in a frame. The results
demonstrated that chimpanzees looked at the eyes, nose, and mouth more frequently than would be expected on the basis of random
scanning of faces. More specifically, they looked at the eyes longer than they looked at the nose and mouth when photographs
of upright faces with open eyes were presented, suggesting that particular attention to the eyes represents a spontaneous
face-scanning strategy shared among monkeys, apes, and humans. In contrast to the results obtained for upright faces with
open eyes, the viewing times for the eyes, nose, and mouth of inverted faces with open eyes did not differ from one another.
The viewing times for the eyes, nose, and mouth of faces with closed eyes did not differ when faces with closed eyes were
presented in either an upright or inverted orientation. These results suggest the possibility that open eyes play an important
role in the configural processing of faces and that chimpanzees perceive and process open and closed eyes differently. 相似文献
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May Ling D. Halim Brenda C. Gutierrez Danielle N. Bryant Maria Arredondo Kiyo Takesako 《Self and identity》2018,17(4):455-466
AbstractOur work examining young children’s strong desire to wear gender-stereotypical clothing suggests that physical appearance may be early reflections of developing gender identities. We test implications of this association between gender and appearance with two studies examining young children’s preoccupation with looking pretty or handsome. Findings revealed that being more attuned to gender information was linked to greater appearance preoccupation. Girls were more preoccupied with their appearances compared to boys. Age was associated with greater appearance preoccupation in two of our three measures. These studies suggest that appearances may reflect developing gender identities, and that gender identity development can influence children’s appearance preoccupation. We suggest that future research examine the stability and generalizability of appearance preoccupation. 相似文献
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