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1.
Ole Johan Hovland FranÇoise D. Alsaker Fred Vollmer 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1988,6(3):172-182
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relative empirical support for two alternative ways of interpreting the relationship between masculinity and irrationality. The common denominator in this particular relationship was theoretically assumed to either reflect a person's locus of control expectations or his/her level of self-esteem.Two separate empirical studies were performed with groups of undergraduate university students. Both studies replicated earlier results, thus supporting the masculinity hypothesis as the one accounting for the relationship between sex-role orientation and irrationality.Of the two possible common denominators explaining this relationship, level of self-esteem was the one receiving the strongest empirical support. Some interesting gender differences concerning these two possible common denominators were also found.Ole Johan Hovland, Cand.paed., is Assistant professor of Personality Assessment at the Department of Personality Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, and maintains a small private practice in Laksevåg, Bergen, Norway. FranÇoise De Lange Alsaker, Cand.psychol., is a Research fellow in the field of personality development at the Department of Personality Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Fred Vollmer, Mag.art., is Senior Lecturer in personality psychology at the University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 相似文献
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W eckroth , J. Dimensions of color sensation. Scand. J. Psychol ., 1961, 2 , 65–70.—The investigation is based on a dimensional (similarity) analysis of color sensation by Ekman (1954). It was assumed that the factor loadings of the three first factors extracted in this analysis would correspond to the proportions of blue, green, and red required, when these colors are mixed to match different wave lengths in the spectrum. This assumption was supported by the results. The coefficient of correlation between the two sets of values was 0.973, which indicates good, although not perfect, agreement. 相似文献
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GROUPING BY PROXIMITY AND MULTISTABILITY IN DOT LATTICES: 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract— Gestalt phenomena have long resisted quantification. In the spirit of Gestalt field theory, we propose a theory that predicts the probability of grouping by proximity in the six kinds of dot lattices (hexagonal, rhombic, square, rectangular, centered rectangular, and oblique). We claim that the unstable perceptual organization of dot lattices is caused by competing forces that attract each dot to other dots in its neighborhood. We model the decline of these forces as a function of distance with an exponential decay function. This attraction function has one parameter, the attraction constant Simple assumptions allow us to predict the entropy of the perceptual organization of different dot lattices. We showed dot lattices tachistoscopically to 7 subjects, and from the probabilities of the perceived organisations, we calculated the entropy of each lattice for each subject. The model fit the data exceedingly well. The attraction constant did not vary much over subjects 相似文献
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Abstract— When two shapes that differ in orientation or size have to be compared or objects have to be recognized from different viewpoints, the response time and error rate art systematically affected by the size of the geometric difference. In this report, we argue that these effects are not necessarily solid evidence for the use of mental transformations and against the use of invariants by the visual system. We report an experiment in which observers were asked to give affine-invariant coordinates of a point located in an affine frame defined by three other points. The angle subtended by the coordinate axes and the ratio of the lengths of their unit vectors systematically affected the measurement errors. This finding demonstrates that the visual system's measurement of invariants need not itself be invariant. 相似文献
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Liselotte Visser Johan Lataster Ron Pat-El Jacques van Lankveld Nele Jacobs 《Psychologica Belgica》2021,61(1):88
Adult attachment style has consequences for mental health, interpersonal functioning and emotion regulation. This occurs partly deliberately, also referred to as explicit, and partly on an automatic level outside of conscious awareness, also referred to as implicit. Whereas explicit adult attachment can be assessed with self-report instruments, measurement of implicit adult attachment requires indirect methods. This paper describes the psychometric properties of two Implicit Association Tests measuring general adult attachment in a population sample. The study evaluated the reliability and the validity of the Avoidant Attachment IAT (ANX-IAT) and the Anxious Attachment IAT (AVOID-IAT). Validity was evaluated against self-report measures of adult attachment style (RQ), psychopathology (SQ-48), and well-being (MHC-SF). The split-half reliabilities of both IATs were good; the test-retest reliability of the ANX-IAT was adequate; however the AVOID-IAT had low test-retest reliability. Both IATs did not explain variance in psychopathology additional to explicit measures. The AVOID-IAT showed added value over explicit measurement of avoidant attachment in explaining variance in well-being, particularly regarding emotional and psychological well-being. The ANX-IAT did not explain variance in any measure of well-being additional to the explicit measure of anxious attachment. Our findings provide a basis from which more valid IATs measuring general adult attachment can be developed. Furthermore, they suggest that implicit avoidant attachment might be related to well-being, particularly emotional and psychological well-being. However, further research is needed to investigate the role of implicit general adult attachment in mental health and to optimize the two IATs in terms of validity before clinical use is recommended. 相似文献
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Fonseca Wald Eric L. A. Hendriksen Jos G. M. Drenthen Gerald S. Kuijk Sander M. J. V. Aldenkamp Albert P. Vles Johan S. H. Vermeulen R. Jeroen Debeij van Hall Mariette H. J. A. Klinkenberg Sylvia 《Neuropsychology review》2020,30(1):164-165
Neuropsychology Review - Due to an error during the editorial phase, a correction regarding Fig. 2 is added to the original article: “Towards a Better Understanding of Cognitive... 相似文献
10.
We investigated personality disorders (PDs) of young men with chronic authority conflicts using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-I (MCMI-I; Millon, 1983). PDs occurred considerably more often in the young men with chronic authority conflicts (62%) compared with a clinical control group of young men with acute authority conflicts (39%). The prevalence of PDs in a normal control group was considerably lower (11%). The passive-aggressive PD is over-represented among young men with chronic authority conflicts; there is hardly any antisocial PD. Millon's conceptualization of these disorders could have influenced these results. The high prevalence of passive-aggressive PDs complicates a good psychotherapeutic outcome in young men with chronic authority conflicts. Our results underscore the clinical utility of the controversial PAPD diagnosis. 相似文献