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1.
Tympanic thermometers were used to measure fluctuations in the temperature of the left and right hemispheres of 22 normal high school students while performing verbal and nonverbal visual discrimination tasks. The nonverbal task involving face recognition demonstrated the predicted effect of hemispheric bias on performance: The subjects performed better when they showed a relative rise in right-hemisphere temperature. No significant relationship between hemispheric temperature and level of performance was observed during the verbal task, perhaps owing to the opportunity to treat effectively the nonwords as either linguistic strings or visual patterns. It is concluded that tympanic temperature effectively measures hemispheric activity during cognitive processing. 相似文献
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A variable interval (VI) schedule is described that automatically adjusts the programmed rates of reinforcement in accordance with the rates of responding of subjects during the two immediately preceding 30-sec time intervals. The schedule prescribes that as rate of responding decreases, programmed reinforcement rate increases, and that when rate of responding increases, reinforcement rate decreases. Thus, programmed reinforcement rate is adjusted continuously until some target value is reached. Ten rats were exposed to this procedure five times a day at 1-h intervals. The target, set at VI 120 sec, was reached by most subjects within 4 days of training. Subsequently, all subjects responded consistently during five daily 1-h sessions with VI 120 sec. This procedure speeds up the training of subjects on long VI schedules and substantially reduces the time and effort spent observing the subjects and adjusting the schedule parameter value during the early development of responding. 相似文献
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Meehan Zachary M. Hubbard Julie A. Grassetti Stevie N. Docimo Marissa A. Swift Lauren E. Bookhout Megan K. 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2021,49(6):737-748
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - The goals of the current study were to use a three-reporter methodology and multi-level Latent Profile Analysis: (a) to determine the victim... 相似文献
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Swift RM 《CNS spectrums》2000,5(2):49-57
The increasing evidence for a neurobiologic basis for alcoholism has spurred the search for pharmacologic agents to treat alcohol abuse. The complex set of symptoms and behaviors that characterizes alcoholism has been linked to dopaminergic and opioid neurotransmitter systems, suggesting that opioid antagonists, such as naltrexone, may alter the positive reinforcement effects and craving involved in alcoholism. Laboratory and clinical investigations of naltrexone have demonstrated the potential for this agent to reduce craving, increase the aversive effects of alcohol, decrease drinking days, and increase abstinence. While naltrexone and other opioid antagonists, such as nalmefene, may be effective components of an alcohol-treatment program, they should only be used in combination with psychosocial interventions, such as support groups and psychotherapy. 相似文献
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Allison Marziliano Hayley Pessin Barry Rosenfeld William Breitbart 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2018,68(3):407-427
Objective: Understanding that the group process informs group interventions. However, there is little systematic research on group process variables in psychotherapy groups for patients with cancer. Method: We analyzed the psychometric properties of the Group Therapy Experience Scale (GTES) and evaluated its potential importance in advanced cancer therapy groups. Results: The GTES demonstrated good internal consistency (coefficient alpha = .84). An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded four factors. Although all four models were explored, the 1- and 2-factor models appeared to provide the best fit for the data. The GTES total score was negatively correlated with group size and positively correlated with number of groups attended by participants. Further, the GTES total score was correlated with post-intervention spiritual well-being, benefit finding, post-traumatic growth, and quality of life. 相似文献
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Jannati A Spalek TM Lagroix HE Di Lollo V 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2012,38(1):161-168
Identification of the second of two targets (T2) is impaired when presented shortly after the first (T1). This attentional blink (AB) is thought to arise from a delay in T2 processing during which T2 is vulnerable to masking. Conventional studies have measured T2 accuracy which is constrained by the 100% ceiling. We avoided this problem by using a dynamic threshold-tracking procedure that is inherently free from ceiling constraints. In two experiments we examined how AB magnitude is affected by three masking-related factors: (a) presence/absence of T2 mask, (b) T2-mask stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), and (c) level of T2 impoverishment (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]). In Experiment 1, overall accuracy decreased with T2-mask SOA. The magnitude of the AB, however, was invariant with SOA and with mask presence/absence. Experiment 2 further showed that the AB was invariant with T2 SNR. The relationship among mask presence/absence, SOA, and T2 SNR and the AB is encompassed in a qualitative model. 相似文献
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Two sources of attentional capture have been proposed: stimulus-driven (exogenous) and goal-oriented (endogenous). A resolution
between these modes of capture has not been straightforward. Even such a clearly exogenous event as the sudden onset of a
stimulus can be said to capture attention endogenously if observers operate in singleton-detection mode rather than feature-search
mode. In four experiments we show that a unique sudden onset captures attention even when observers are in feature-search
mode. The displays were rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams of differently coloured letters with the target letter
defined by a specific colour. Distractors were four #s, one of the target colour, surrounding one of the non-target letters.
Capture was substantially reduced when the onset of the distractor array was not unique because it was preceded by other sets
of four grey # arrays in the RSVP stream. This provides unambiguous evidence that attention can be captured both exogenously
and endogenously within a single task. 相似文献