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Chronic self-destructiveness: Conceptualization,measurement, and initial validation of the construct
Kathryn Kelley Donn Byrne D. P. J. Przybyla Carole Eberly Bruce Eberly Virginia Greendlinger Choi K. Wan Janet Gorsky 《Motivation and emotion》1985,9(2):135-151
Individual differences in various behaviors suggest that those who are primarily motivated by current emotional factors are more likely than those motivated by more distant cognitive considerations to engage in acts that are ultimately self-destructive. To assess and explore these behavioral differences, 12 samples of undergraduate subjects, totaling 864 (527 females, 337 males), a group of 15 businesswomen, and 111 male VA patients were used to develop a measure of this construct in a series of reliability and construct validity studies. By means of internal-consistency item analyses, two cross-validated 52-item measures of chronic self-destructiveness were constructed for males and females. Reliability was established with respect to internal consistency (alpha coefficients range from .73 to .97) and temporal consistency over a 1-month period (test-retest correlations range from .90 to .98). There is a slight drop in chronic self-destructiveness scores across age groups. Test scores were found to be positively related to external locus of control, negatively related to Type A coronary-prone behavior, and unrelated to either social desirability response set or need for achievement. Individuals high in chronic self-destructiveness, compared to those with low scores, are more likely to be in treatment for drug or alcohol abuse, to report having cheated in courses, to have had traffic violations, to report having gone through a rebellious stage in adolescence, and to postpone obtaining a medical test for cancer. Chronic self-destructiveness appears to be a personality dimension that affects behavior across a wide range of ages and situations.We wish to thank John Wapner for his assistance in obtaining data in the clinical sample. 相似文献
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Surveying the forest: A meta‐analysis,moderator investigation,and future‐oriented discussion of the antecedents of voluntary employee turnover 下载免费PDF全文
Alex L. Rubenstein Marion B. Eberly Thomas W. Lee Terence R. Mitchell 《Personnel Psychology》2018,71(1):23-65
Recent narrative reviews (e.g., Hom, Mitchell, Lee, and Griffeth, 2012; Hom, Lee, Shaw, and Hausknecht, 2017) advise that it is timely to assess the progress made in research on voluntary employee turnover so as to guide future work. To provide this assessment, we employed a three‐step approach. First, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of turnover predictors, updating existing effect sizes and examining multiple new antecedents. Second, guided by theory, we developed and tested a set of substantive moderators, considering factors that might exacerbate or mitigate zero‐order meta‐analytic effects. Third, we examined the holistic pattern of results in order to highlight the most pressing needs for future turnover research. The results of Step 1 reveal multiple newer predictors and updated effect sizes of more traditional predictors, which have received substantially greater study. The results of Step 2 provide insight into the context‐dependent nature of many antecedent–turnover relationships. In Step 3, our discussion takes a bird's‐eye view of the turnover “forest” and considers the theoretical and practical implications of the results. We offer several research recommendations that break from the traditional turnover paradigm, as a means of guiding future study. 相似文献
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Cynthia Lindman Port Brian Engdahl Patricia Frazier Raina Eberly 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》2002,8(3):203-214
This study examined relationships between socioenvironmental factors occurring in later-life and current and changing PTSD symptom levels in a sample of 177 community-dwelling World War II and Korean era ex–prisoners of war. Factors examined included negative life events, negative health events, social support, and death acceptance. PTSD was assessed at Time 1. PTSD and the later-life factors were then assessed 4 years later (Time 2). Cross-sectional analysis examined the relationship of the later-life factors to current PTSD symptomatology. Longitudinal analysis examined their relationship to changing PTSD symptomatology over the 4-year interval. Negative health changes, social support, and death acceptance were significantly related to current and changing PTSD symptomatology, but negative life events were not. The authors conclude that health and psychosocial factors that may occur in later-life can be related to PTSD symptom levels even many decades after a traumatic experience. 相似文献
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Xiao-Ping Chen Marion B. Eberly Daniel G. Bachrach Qing Qu 《The Journal of social psychology》2017,157(6):720-735
In this research, we examine the phenomenon of egocentric reciprocity, where individuals protect self-interest by adopting an eye-for-an-eye strategy in negatively imbalanced exchanges, and by taking advantage of overly generous treatment in positively imbalanced exchanges. We conducted two experiments using a modified ultimatum game examining attitudinal and behavioral responses to imbalanced exchanges. The experiments allowed us to explore the moderating role of relational closeness (i.e., whether the game partner was a friend or a stranger) and the mediating role of anger and indebtedness in these moderated relationships. Our results consistently demonstrate the phenomenon of egocentric reciprocity. Most importantly, this research reveals that friendship places a boundary on this egocentric tendency, and that the effects may partially be explained by anger experienced in response to exchange. 相似文献
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Peter A. Wyman Wendi Cross C. Hendricks Brown Qin Yu Xin Tu Shirley Eberly 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):707-720
A model for teaching children skills to strengthen emotional self-regulation is introduced, informed by the developmental
concept of scaffolding. Adult modeling/instruction, role-play and in vivo coaching are tailored to children’s level of understanding
and skill to promote use of skills in reallife contexts. Two-hundred twenty-six kindergarten—3rd grade children identified
with elevated behavioral and social classroom problems from a population-based screening participated in a waitlisted randomized
trial of the Rochester Resilience Project derived from this model. In 14 lessons with school-based mentors, children were
taught a hierarchical set of skills: monitoring of emotions; selfcontrol/ reducing escalation of emotions; and maintaining
control and regaining equilibrium. Mentors provided classroom reinforcement of skill use. Multi-level modeling accounting
for the nesting of children in schools and classrooms showed the following effects at post-intervention: reduced problems
rated by teachers in behavior control, peer social skills, shy-withdrawn and off-task behaviors (ES 0.31–0.47). Peer social
skills improved for girls but not for boys. Children receiving the intervention had a 46% mean decrease in disciplinary referrals
and a 43% decrease in suspensions during the 4-month intervention period. Limitations and future directions to promote skill
transfer are discussed. 相似文献
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Journal of Religion and Health - A third-year medical student reflects on the role of creative meditation in the life of the clinician. Through three patient encounters, he suggests that the... 相似文献
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