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2.
Claudia Card 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》1986,1(1):149-166
Marilyn Frye's first book, The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory, presents nine philosophical lectures: four on women's subordination, four on resistance and rebellion, one on revolution. Its approach combines a lesbian perspective with analytical philosophy of language. The major contributions of the book are its analysis of oppression, highly suggestive discussions of the roles of attention in knowledge and ignorance and in arrogance and love, a defense of political separatism not based on female supremacism, and a development of the idea of lesbian epistemology. Its proposal for resisting White racism will be controversial. Its treatment of gay rights is not balanced by an acknowledgement that drag queens, like “totaled women,” are products of oppression, not simply of intolerance. The most philosophically problematic aspect of the book is its analysis of coercion and of the roles of coercion in women's subordination. This creates an unresolved tension with the positive message of the second half of the book. Despite this difficulty, these essays are an outstanding contribution to contemporary feminist theory. 相似文献
3.
Claudia Card Jacquelynne S. Eccles Adrienne L. Zihlman Mary Lou Wylie 《Sex roles》1984,10(9-10):837-843
4.
The study investigated interactions between learner expertise and task complexity evaluated from both cognitive and affective perspectives. One hundred and seventy-three students, both novices and advanced learners, were asked to learn Japanese writing in a pen-tablet-based digital learning environment with varying task complexity levels. Cognitive load and learning-centred emotions were measured at intervals during learning, while writing performance was monitored by runtime tracking. Results indicated that while advanced learners performed better than novices across the range of task complexity, the moderate task complexity was shown to be superior in enhancing performance for both levels of expertise. Results for learning-centred emotions showed that advanced learners reported lower enjoyment and higher frustration when completing the low complexity task, whereas the moderately complex task was reported to be the most enjoyable and less frustrating for these learners. No significant difference in emotions was found across levels of task complexity for novices. Finally, a constructed composite indicator of cognitive-affective efficiency of instructional conditions showed a significant interaction between levels of learner expertise and task complexity primarily caused by affective factors. 相似文献
5.
Francesca Danioni Claudia Russo Ioana Zagrean Camillo Regalia Daniela Barni 《Personal Relationships》2023,30(2):681-699
No previous studies have analyzed values as qualities of relational microsystems, such as the romantic couple. Based on Schwartz's Theory of Human Values, this study examines the psychometric properties of the Portrait Couple Values Questionnaire (PCVQ). It measures four couple value dimensions: conservation, openness to change, self-enhancement, and self-transcendence. Five hundred and forty-six Italian respondents (54.1% women), aged 41.52 years (SD = 7.19; range 23–63) and having a couple relationship, have filled in an anonymous online questionnaire. The results show the good psychometric properties of the PCVQ. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis Magnifying Glass Strategy shows good indexes of fit for each value dimension, except for the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) for openness to change, thus confirming that the PCVQ measures the four values with satisfactory internal consistency. The Multidimensional Scaling results, by showing a Stress-1 index of 0.07, confirm the circular structure of values because the four value dimensions are in the position predicted by Schwartz's model. Participants' personal and couple values are highly but not perfectly correlated, suggesting that couple values are a related but distinct construct compared to personal values. This study's contribution lies in introducing an innovative construct into the literature on values and couples, proposing a scale to assess it. 相似文献
6.
We report on an observational study on sex differences in serious and playful aggression in early childhood. The sample included 14 girls and 14 boys, aged 2 to 4. The study was carried out in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Half of the subjects attended a nursery school for children from a favela (slum district); the others attended a nursery school that was run by a local university and represented the life conditions of the middle class of the Brazilian society. Each of the children was observed at school for 3 hours (divided into 12–15 minutes episodes) through a focal sampling technique. Significant sex differences are found for the frequency of playful aggression for both the actor's and the victim's part of the aggressive act, but for the actor's role the effect holds only for the middle class setting. There are also tremendous differences between the frequencies of serious aggression in girls and some of the boys, although the effect is not statistically significant. When several types of aggression are compared, it becomes evident that sex differences are restricted to bullying (dominant aggression). The rates of instrumental and reactive aggression are similar in both sexes. Girls and boys from the favela setting do not differ in the relative importance of the different types of serious aggression, but in middle class children the proportion of acts of bullying is much higher in boys than in girls.Revised and elaborated version of the contribution to the Paper Session onFemale Aggression at the90th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in Chicago, 1991. We thank Claúdio Simon Hutz and Tânia Sperb who helped us to carry out the observations and Simone Schenk and Iris Seltenreich for help in data analysis. We are also grateful to the children and the staff of two nursery schools in Porto Alegre, Brazil, who participated in the study. 相似文献
7.
Claudia J. Haferkamp 《Current Psychology》1994,13(3):248-262
Relationships among relationship beliefs, self-monitoring and conflict behavior were examined in 74 married couples. It was
predicted that dysfunctional relationship beliefs would be negatively correlated with marital satisfaction and that high self-monitoring
spouses would endorse more dysfunctional relationship beliefs and display more disagreeing and leadership conflict behavior.
Dysfunctional beliefs were negatively correlated with satisfaction but low and high self-monitors did not differ in their
conflict behavior. Discriminant analyses indicated that marital distress was a function of endorsement of dysfunctional relationship
beliefs; decreased satisfaction with decisions; increased conflict relevance; and increased impression management reflected
in high self-monitoring orientations among husbands and wives’ beliefs that their husbands were not behaving “normally.” The
contribution of gender and impression management to marital distress is discussed.
This study was funded by a University of Wisconsin-Madison faculty research grant awarded to the author. 相似文献
8.
A single lever, discrete-trials observing procedure was used with stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides). Lever-presses during a trial produced colored key lights (IS+ and IS?) which signaled whether the trial would end with response-independent food or without food. During the baseline period, both IS+ and IS? were produced on a variable-interval (VI) 15-sec schedule which began operating at the onset of the trial. The two experimental conditions involved a combination of this VI schedule and a DRL schedule. In one of these conditions, only a response that both met the VI requirement and was preceded by at least 6 sec of nonresponding could produce IS? on nonfood trials, while the schedule for IS+ on food trials remained VI 15 sec. In the other experimental condition, the schedules for producing the two stimuli were the reverse. All subjects eventually learned to produce either IS+ or IS? on the combined VI-DRL schedule. These data support an information hypothesis of observing in monkeys and contrast with data from pigeons which support a conditioned reinforcement hypothesis. 相似文献
9.
10.
Claudia J. Haferkamp 《Current Psychology》1991,10(4):227-240
Gender differences in relationship quality, conflict perceptions, reported conflict strategy use, and self-monitoring orientations
were examined in a sample of undergraduates. It was predicted that males and high self-monitoring individuals would see their
relationships as less intimate, themselves as less committed, and would endorse more frequent use of uncooperative and avoidant
strategies. Participants (n=124) completed the following: a measure of conflict perceptions; a Conflict Strategy Scale measuring frequency of Cooperative,
Uncooperative, and Denial-Avoidant strategies; and Snyder’s Self-Monitoring Scale. Compared to females, males scored higher
in self-monitoring, saw friendships as less intimate and stable, saw their conflicts as more stable, and endorsed more frequent
use of Denial-Avoidant strategies. Masculine orientations to conflict reflected increased self-presentational concerns and
perceptions that minimized the personal relevance of conflict. 相似文献