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SISTER KENNETH MC GUIRE 《Counseling and values》1970,14(4):265-271
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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is commonly used by young adults to regulate emotional responses. Yet, experimental examination of how people who self-injure appraise and respond to emotional stimuli is limited. We examined appraisals of, and responses to, emotive images in young adults who did and did not self-injure, and assessed whether these were impacted by exposure to a stressor. Study 1 (N?=?51) examined whether participants differed in their appraisals of emotional images. Study 2 (N?=?78) assessed whether appraisals of images changed after exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test. Ratings of emotional valence and arousal were collected in both studies; skin conductance was measured as an indicator of physiological arousal in Study 2. In Study 1 participants reporting NSSI rated positively valenced images as less pleasant than participants not reporting NSSI. In Study 2, after acute stress, participants reporting NSSI displayed dampened physiological reactions to positive images whereas participants who did not self-injure displayed heightened physiological reactions to these and rated them as more pleasant. Individuals who self-injure seem less able to engage in strategic mood repair after exposure to stress compared to people who do not self-injure. 相似文献
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Meta-awareness of bias in intimate partner judgments was investigated in 3 studies. In Study 1, participants rated fictional partners in happier relationships as more positively biased in their partner perceptions. In Study 2, participants thought their judgments of their own current partners were positively biased and that they were judged by their partners in a positively biased fashion. Using a sample of couples, Study 3 showed that metaperceptions of bias were anchored to actual levels of bias at the individual and relationship levels. In addition, positive bias was accentuated for traits that were more relevant to mate evaluation. These findings (as expected) suggest that positive bias in partner judgments can be a normative and consciously accessible feature of intimate relationships. 相似文献
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Sleep as a mediator of the relationship between social class and health in higher education students
Romany McGuffog Mark Rubin Mark Boyes Marie L. Caltabiano James Collison Geoff P. Lovell Orla Muldoon Stefania Paolini 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(3):710-730
A substantial body of research indicates that higher education students from lower social class backgrounds tend to have poorer health than those from higher social class backgrounds. To investigate sleep as a potential mediator of this relationship, online survey responses of students from five large Australian universities, one Irish university and one large Australian technical college were analysed in three studies (Study 1 N = 628; Study 2 N = 376; Study 3 N = 446). The results revealed that sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, pre-sleep worries and sleep schedule variability mediated the relationship between social class and physical and mental health. Sleep remained a significant mediator when controlling for related variables and other mediators. Thus, the findings suggest that sleep partly explains social class differences in health. We discuss the importance of addressing sleep issues among students from lower social class backgrounds. 相似文献
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We examined a children's version of Broughton's (1990) DISPRO (DIStance-From-the-PROtotype), a multidimensional scaling approach to personality assessment. In this system, a score on a given trait dimension is derived from a subject's judgment about his or her similarity to or distance from a prototype - a hypothetical character who acts in trait-consistent or prototypical ways. The DISPRO assessment model employs eight equidistant trait categories from Wiggins's (1979) interpersonal circumplex. In this study, 74 children (M age = 7.3 years) were told stories about four same-sex characters who performed prototypical acts from a single trait category randomly selected from the circumplex. Results show the structure of children's ratings is remarkably similar to that obtained from adults, but children's ratings show a developmental trend. A sample of younger children (M age = 6) provided a unidimensional solution along a "good-bad" or nurturance continuum. Analysis of an older sample (M age = 8.5) revealed use of the two dimensions of dominance and nurturance commonly found in adult solutions. Significant validity coefficients for parent and teacher criterion measures (average r = .40) and adequate test-retest reliability (average r(tt)= .78) were found. Benefits unique to DISPRO, such as its ease of use and standardization of trait stimuli, are discussed. 相似文献
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Dawkins Jessica C. Hasking Penelope A. Boyes Mark E. 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2022,44(2):511-526
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment - Research into nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has primarily focussed on the experience and regulation of emotion. Recently, NSSI-specific... 相似文献
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S. Kafka J. A. Hunter J. Hayhurst M. Boyes R. L. Thomson H. Clarke A. M. Grocott M. Stringer K. S. O’Brien 《Social Psychology of Education》2012,15(4):571-601
Empirical evidence shows that educational experiences in the context of the outdoors lead to elevated self-esteem. Although elevated self-esteem is widely assumed to promote beneficial outcomes, recent evidence suggests that elevated self-esteem may also facilitate a variety of negative outcomes (i.e., increased prejudice, aggression, drug and alcohol abuse). The current research was conducted in order to examine whether one type of outdoor educational experience—a 10-day developmental voyage—could elevate adolescents’ self-esteem without also elevating negative outcomes. The data from three separate studies are reported. Study one revealed that adolescents who undertook the voyage manifested elevated self-esteem and decreased gender prejudice (i.e., less negative ratings of opposite sex outgroup members). Study two replicated these findings and further demonstrated that these effects were maintained 4–5 months following the voyage. In study three, in addition to self-esteem, risky attitudes (i.e., towards drug and alcohol use), physical aggression, verbal aggression, racial and gender bias were also examined. Adolescents again showed elevated self-esteem that was maintained 4–5 months following the voyage. There were no changes in risky attitudes, aggression, or racial and gender bias. Taken together these results indicate that taking part in a 10-day developmental voyage—can lead to an elevation in self-esteem, that is maintained over time and which does not facilitate a variety of negative outcomes. 相似文献
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