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1.
This paper addresses the issue of cultural adaptations and diffusion for managerial strategies in host societies to which work enterprises are not indigenous in terms of their capital and management or either. With illustrations drawn from a series of case-studies of work organisations in Hong Kong managed respectively by Chinese, British and Japanese capital, there was an appearance of support for the thesis of ‘cultural’ determinism and its implications for strategical adaptations in work organisations. The implication was drawn that the Oriental nexus of altruism, trust and subtlety could be rooted in the more laudible and perhaps global influence of Confucianism. Some subsequent issues are raised. First, the problem of cultural adaptation is not specific to multinationals or foreign firms visiting from outside but also applies where the management and their ethic background are not indigenous. The other issue is the extent of cultural adaptation within work organisations, as determined by the degree of affinity with a common mother culture. The paper suggests that a common denominating mother culture can serve a strategical starting point to bring about intra-organisational and organisation-society link and harmony. 相似文献
2.
We describe a plan for integrating an experimental control language, PsyScope, into under-graduate laboratory exercises of perceptual and cognitive experiments on Macintosh computers. PsyScope is a powerful and versatile system with which students can modify standard research paradigms and execute experiments of their own design, thus facilitating student-initiated independent research. Data are summarized with a general-purpose program, PsySquash, for import into Statview or SuperAnova for further analysis. This system provides an effective means of implementing student projects. 相似文献
3.
Coordinating cognitive information: task effects and individual differences in integrating information from several sources. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In many tasks people have to coordinate the information from several sources. An example would be driving a car while listening to directions. The driver has to establish a correspondence between a visual picture and verbal instructions. This paper addresses two questions concerning information coordination. Is there an ability to coordinate information received from several sources that is different from the ability to deal with information from each source, alone? Does coordination simply involve allocating resources to deal with the component tasks, or does the act of coordination itself constitute a separate task? Four experiments examined the coordination of a verbal component task with a visual-spatial and with an auditory component task. The results showed that the ability to coordinate perceptual and verbal information is separate from the ability to deal with either perceptual or verbal information, alone. A simple resource sharing model was not adequate in explaining how coordination occurred. We relate our results to a model in which perceptual reasoning occurs independently of verbal processing, but transforming perceptual information into a propositional form is affected by concurrent verbal processing. 相似文献
4.
5.
The authors examined the impact of 2 hybrid dispute resolution procedures (mediation-arbitration [med-arb] and arbitration-mediation [arb-med]) and 3 disputant dyadic structures (individual vs. individual, individual vs. team, and team vs. team) on various dispute outcomes. Consistent with W. H. Ross and D. E. Conlon (2000), the authors found that disputants in the arb-med procedure (a) settled in the mediation phase of their procedure more frequently and (b) achieved settlements of higher joint benefit than did disputants in the med-arb procedure. These results suggest that arb-med may be a dispute resolution procedure with broader applicability than originally imagined. 相似文献
6.
Previous research demonstrated social influence resulting from mimicry (the chameleon effect); a confederate who mimicked participants was more highly regarded than a confederate who did not, despite the fact that participants did not explicitly notice the mimicry. In the current study, participants interacted with an embodied artificial intelligence agent in immersive virtual reality. The agent either mimicked a participant's head movements at a 4-s delay or utilized prerecorded movements of another participant as it verbally presented an argument. Mimicking agents were more persuasive and received more positive trait ratings than nonmimickers, despite participants' inability to explicitly detect the mimicry. These data are uniquely powerful because they demonstrate the ability to use automatic, indiscriminate mimicking (i.e., a computer algorithm blindly applied to all movements) to gain social influence. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate social influence effects with a nonhuman, nonverbal mimicker. 相似文献
7.
That similar words can prime one another is not news. However, this phenomenon can be exploited to make inferences about the organization of conceptual representations. What types of similarity matter? Although there is evidence that similarity of function, shape, and even manner of manipulation is reflected in semantic memory, evidence for organization on the basis of color similarity is sparse. This lack of evidence is surprising: Intuition suggests that color is a prominent feature of many object concepts. The research reported here clarifies this puzzle and illustrates the dynamic nature of conceptual representations. Our research demonstrates color-based priming (e.g., "emerald" primes "cucumber") in participants who completed a Stroop color-naming task before a priming task. Notably, the size of the Stroop effect predicted the size of the priming effect. When the order of tasks was reversed, priming effects were eliminated. By demonstrating that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors can influence conceptual activation, our findings have implications for theories of semantic memory. 相似文献
8.
In this cross-cultural study, 115 Hong Kong Chinese and 117 Brazilian college students described a childhood peak-experience
(occurring before the age of 14) and provided a self-rating on its enduring impact. Among various categories of peak-experiences,
both Hong Kong Chinese and Brazilians reported interpersonal joy most frequently; the second most frequently reported category
was external achievement for the Hong Kong sample and developmental landmark for the Brazilian sample. Compared with Brazilians’
narratives, those of Hong Kong Chinese were more social-focused, involving greater number of other people, but less specific.
These characteristics of autobiographical memory, i.e., memory focus (self vs. social), memory specificity (specific vs. general),
and the number of other people involved, significantly mediated the relation between culture and interpersonal joy. The present
findings have extended research on peak-experiences to cross-cultural contexts and incorporated measures of autobiographical
memory to unpack cultural variations in these two collectivist societies. 相似文献
9.
10.
Amori Yee Mikami Allison Jack Christina C. Emeh Haley F. Stephens 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(6):721-736
We examined associations between children’s peer relationships and (a) their parents’ social competence as well as (b) their
parents’ behaviors during the children’s peer interactions. Participants were families of 124 children ages 6–10 (68% male),
62 with ADHD and 62 age- and sex-matched comparison youth. Children’s peer relationships were assessed via parent and teacher
report, and sociometric nominations in a lab-based playgroup. Parental characteristics were assessed via parent self-report
and observations of behavior during their child’s playgroup. After statistical control of relevant covariates, parents of
children with ADHD reported poorer social skills of their own, arranged fewer playdates for their children, and displayed
more criticism during their child’s peer interaction than did parents of comparison youth. Parents’ socialization with other
parents and facilitation of the child’s peer interactions predicted their children having good peer relationships as reported
by teachers and peers, whereas parental corrective feedback to the child and praise predicted poor peer relationships. Parents’
ratings of their child’s social skills were positively associated with ratings of their own social skills, but negatively
associated with criticism and facilitation of the child’s peer interactions. Relationships between parental behaviors and
peer relationships were stronger for youth with ADHD than for comparison youth. The relevance of findings to interventions
is discussed. 相似文献