希望特质量表在中学生群体中的信、效度检验

通过对770名中学生施测,检验Snyder的希望特质量表（TTHS）的信度和效度。结果表明,总量表的重测信度、量表的结构效度和效标效度符合心理测量学要求。ITHS可以作为测量中国中学生希望特质的工具。在中国文化背景下。Snyder提出的希望特质仍然是一种积极的心理品质,希望特质也从某方面代表着中国中学生的心理健康水平。     

儿童青少年正念量表(CAMM)在中国青少年群体中的信效度检验

目的:检验儿童青少年正念量表(CAMM)在中国青少年群体中应用的信效度,为青少年正念研究提供科学工具。方法:选取310名中学生(样本1)进行条目分析和探索性因素分析,再选取309名中学生(样本2)进行验证性因素分析、效标效度、增量效度和信度分析。结果:中文版CAMM抽取2个因素最为合适,并具有良好的结构效度、效标效度、增量效度及较高的信度。结论:中文版CAMM具有良好的心理测量学指标,可以在中国青少年群体中使用。     

青少年科学创造力测验的编制

基于科学创造力的结构模型、青少年科学创造力的表现及托兰斯的创造性测验,编制了青少年科学创造力测验,并用该测验施测于英国的1087名中学生和中国的1087名中学生,结果表明:(1)《青少年科学创造力测验》具有较高的信度,Cronbachα系数、评分者信度、重测信度均达到心理测验学要求的水平;(2)《青少年科学创造力测验》具有较高的结构效度。     

中学生社会适应量表的编制

本研究编制的中学生社会适应性量表是针对预初(小学6年级)到高三7个年级的学生,有效样本3595名(男1728名,女1867名)。通过量表的编制、初测、修改和再测,确定了量表的4个维度:内容特质、预测控制、心理调节和动力支持,并获得了较高的信度和效度。内在一致性信度达到0.97,相容效度和效标效度也达到0.65和0.68左右,均比较理想。通过量表编制发现中学生的社会适应在总体上存在性别差异,即女生显著高于男生。中学生的社会适应会随着年级的提高而发生变化,但不同步增加。中学生的社会适应性是一个动态的发展过程,它也是中学生人格发展的一部分,并与个体的学习压力以及经历的生活事件有密切的关系。     

中学生内疚和羞耻情境量表的编制及适用:基于多元文化背景下中学生道德情感研究*

旨在编制中学生内疚和羞耻情境模拟量表并初步考察不同民族中学生内疚和羞耻的特点。对2000名混合学校中学生进行施测。项目分析显示,高、低分组被试在大部分项目上差异显著,量表中的20个项目基本符合心理测量学要求;信度分析显示量表的内部一致性系数分别为0.86和0.87,分半信度分别为0.81和0.83;因素分析表明其结构效度良好。总体而言,中学生的内疚感显著高于羞耻感,且均随年级增高而逐渐增加;女生的内疚感和羞耻感显著高于男生。量表的信效度均达到了心理测量学的基本要求,可用于不同民族中学生的测试。     

自我职业选择测验(SDS)的试用报告

本研究对自我职业选择测验 (SDS) 1 985年版进行了修订 ,并在武汉市中学生中进行了适用性的验证。在原测验中译本基础上 ,进行了项目修改、项目分析、信效度检验等标准化工作。结果表明 :①该测验具有良好的项目特性 ;②该测验同质性信度、分半信度均达到一般心理测验要求标准 ;③该测验结构效度与效标关联效度亦较为理想 ;④个别项目仍有待于进一步修改 ,取样还应面向全国 ,以利于进一步的推广作用。在武汉市中学生中的试用结果表明 :①该测验可以作为中学生职业辅导的选用工具 ;②在该测验中使用标准分代替粗分更具科学性。     

中学生异性同伴交往的结构与类型研究

在文献、开放式问卷和访谈的基础上,编制了中学生异性同伴交往量表.对1,300名中学生进行了测试.结果表明,该量表具有良好的信度和效度;中学生异性同伴交往是由主动性、困扰性,礼节性、策略性和广泛性等五个因素组成;中学生异性同伴交往有策略型、疏远型、中间型和开放型等四种类型.     

中学生应激源量表的初步编制

本研究根据浙江省的行政区域划分,在6个城市采取分层整群抽样方法选取1870名从初一到高三的中学生,对所编制的中学生应激源量表进行了项目分析和因素分析,得到包括学习压力、教师压力在内的7个因子,验证了量表的信效度,最后形成由39个条目组成的中学生应激源量表,并在浙江省范围内确定了常模。信度和效度检验结果都符合心理测量的要求,量表的编制达到了预期的设计目的     

中学生自我隐瞒倾向:因素结构与发展特点

本研究旨在探讨自我隐瞒量表在中学生样本中的适用性 ,以及中学生自我隐瞒倾向的特点。一个由 51 3名中学生组成的样本接受了自我隐瞒量表和中学生应付方式量表的测试。结果发现中文版自我隐瞒量表具有较好结构效度和较好的效标效度以及较好的信度 ,因此中文版自我隐瞒量表可在今后的有关研究中使用。研究还发现男生的自我隐瞒倾向同女生相比相对较高 ,而且无论男生和女生 ,中学生的自我隐瞒倾向显著地高于大学生。这些结果可能表明 ,处于心理“断乳期”的中学生的心理具有一定闭锁性 ,而男生的自我隐瞒倾向高于女生 ,则可能表明自我隐瞒跟男生的独立性较强有关     

中学生责任心的理论构建研究

责任心是一种自觉地把分内的事做好的重要人格特质,具有多维度多层次的心理结构.参照有关文献建立了中学生责任心结构模型,编制出我国中学生责任心量表.通过对747名中学生的探索性因素分析和1009名中学生的验证性因素分析,结果表明该量表结构清晰,信度和效度较好,可以作为评鉴中学生责任心的有效工具.     

Prisoners and locus of control: initial assessments of a specific scale.

The relatively few studies conducted with prisoners' locus of control suggest an important relationship between locus of control and prisoners' adjustment. However, one obstacle to further development of this knowledge is lack of appropriate measurement. This paper is an account of initial assessments conducted with a locus of control measure specific to the prison environment. All tests support the reliability and validity of the scale. Results of the assessments also indicate changes which should be made to improve the psychometric properties of the scale. Further assessments will need to be conducted after the instrument is revised. Use of the Prison Locus of Control scale should facilitate and lend accuracy to research with prisoners. The scale items are provided.     

Dimensionality and reliability of the Rotter I-E locus of control scale

The dimensionality and reliability of Rotter's internal-external control scale was examined using Australian students. The results imply that the scale is not additive but multidimensional. Two distinct largely independent factors relating to personal and political control beliefs were extracted. General control concerns the belief that a person has mastery over his own life while political control includes items which measure the extent to which an individual is capable. of having an influence on political institutions or the course of world affairs. On retesting, 8 of the 9 General Control items loaded on the same first factor. All 5 of the Political Control items loaded on the second factor. Test-retest reliability of the I-E scale was .61. These results suggest that the Rotter Scale itself, and its two factor structure, are stable over a considerable period of time.     

A mental-health locus of control scale

The purpose of this study was to develop and seek initial validation of a mental- health locus of control scale. Twenty-six mental-health professionals rated each of the 14 statements of a previously-designed mental-health service request form along a 5-point locus of control scale. Six of the 14 items met the study's criteria for inclusion in the mental-health locus of control scale. Discriminant validity of the scale was provided by a study demonstrating that psychotic patients were more external in their perceived locus of control than were a nonpsychotic patient comparison group. Other validation studies and research are suggested.     

The Marlowe-Crowne affair: short forms,psychometric structure,and social desirability

The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) is widely used to assess and control for response bias in self-report research. Several abbreviated versions of the Marlowe-Crowne scale have been proposed and adopted in psychology and medicine. In this article I evaluate the adequacy of 9 short forms using confirmatory factor analysis across 2 samples (combined N = 867). There was some evidence for the adequacy of different short forms, but model adequacy was not consistent across samples. Supplementary analyses revealed a multidimensional structure to the full Marlowe-Crowne scale and indicated that the apparent adequacy of model fit for some short forms might be a statistical artifact. Using the Marlowe-Crowne scale or its various short forms as a control for response bias is discouraged on empirical and conceptual grounds.     

Clinical Utility of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) in the Spanish Transsexual and Nontranssexual Population

The aim of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974), an overall measurement of the cultural construct of masculinity and femininity, in the psychological assessment of Spanish transsexuals. Seventy male-to-female transsexuals (MF), 51 female-to-male transsexuals (FM), 77 control men, and 79 control women completed the Spanish version of the BSRI. Statistically significant differences between groups were only found on the femininity scale, on which MF transsexuals and control women scored significantly higher than FM transsexuals and control men. The results indicate that (a) only the femininity scale of the BSRI appears to be useful today for evaluating differences in the sex-role identification in Spanish controls and transsexuals; and (b) MF and FM transsexuals score as a function of their gender identity instead of their anatomical sex on the BSRI femininity scale.     

The Marlowe-Crowne Affair: Short Forms,Psychometric Structure,and Social Desirability

The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) is widely used to assess and control for response bias in self-report research. Several abbreviated versions of the Marlowe-Crowne scale have been proposed and adopted in psychology and medicine. In this article I evaluate the adequacy of 9 short forms using confirmatory factor analysis across 2 samples (combined N = 867). There was some evidence for the adequacy of different short forms, but model adequacy was not consistent across samples. Supplementary analyses revealed a multidimensional structure to the full Marlowe-Crowne scale and indicated that the apparent adequacy of model fit for some short forms might be a statistical artifact. Using the Marlowe-Crowne scale or its various short forms as a control for response bias is discouraged on empirical and conceptual grounds.     

Monitoring Scale Scores over Time via Quality Control Charts, Model-Based Approaches, and Time Series Techniques

Maintaining a stable score scale over time is critical for all standardized educational assessments. Traditional quality control tools and approaches for assessing scale drift either require special equating designs, or may be too time-consuming to be considered on a regular basis with an operational test that has a short time window between an administration and its score reporting. Thus, the traditional methods are not sufficient to catch unusual testing outcomes in a timely manner. This paper presents a new approach for score monitoring and assessment of scale drift. It involves quality control charts, model-based approaches, and time series techniques to accommodate the following needs of monitoring scale scores: continuous monitoring, adjustment of customary variations, identification of abrupt shifts, and assessment of autocorrelation. Performance of the methodologies is evaluated using manipulated data based on real responses from 71 administrations of a large-scale high-stakes language assessment.     

Clinical utility of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) in the Spanish transsexual and nontranssexual population

The aim of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974), an overall measurement of the cultural construct of masculinity and femininity, in the psychological assessment of Spanish transsexuals. Seventy male-to-female transsexuals (MF), 51 female-to-male transsexuals (FM), 77 control men, and 79 control women completed the Spanish version of the BSRI. Statistically significant differences between groups were only found on the femininity scale, on which MF transsexuals and control women scored significantly higher than FM transsexuals and control men. The results indicate that (a) only the femininity scale of the BSRI appears to be useful today for evaluating differences in the sex-role identification in Spanish controls and transsexuals; and (b) MF and FM transsexuals score as a function of their gender identity instead of their anatomical sex on the BSRI femininity scale.     

Psychological correlates of business ethics orientation in executives

A specially designed Business Ethics scale was administered to a sample of 111 high-level industrial personnel together with a comprehensive psychological test battery and a situation-specific Managerial Locus of Control scale based on Rotter's (1966) locus of control construct. Objective measures of age, education, and salary were also collected for the sample. Product-moment correlations were calculated between the scores from the Business Ethics scale and the 39 measures from the test battery, the locus of control score, and the 3 objective indices. Some relationships were found between objective measures of personal background data and business ethics orientation. The strongest association with business ethics (in the ethical direction) were obtained for the measure of internal locus of control and the measures of emotional health in the test battery. The three-way relationship between business ethics, internal locus of control, and emotional health is discussed.     

抑制控制训练对手机依赖大学生的干预效果

依照手机成瘾倾向量表得分及手机使用时间记录从548名被试中筛选出60名手机依赖大学生,将其随机分配到抑制控制训练组和非训练组进行实验。预期通过抑制控制训练提升手机依赖大学生抑制控制能力,降低其手机依赖水平。结果发现：训练组被试在接受为期8周的抑制控制训练任务后,手机依赖总分、手机使用时间和非训练组相比显著降低,抑制控制能力显著提升。结果表明抑制控制训练对手机依赖大学生的干预效果明显。