John hunter and John Dolittle

Journal of Medical Humanities -     

Normative Practical Reasoning: John Broome

Practical reasoning is a process of reasoning that concludes in an intention. One example is reasoning from intending an end to intending what you believe is a necessary means: 'I will leave the next buoy to port; in order to do that I must tack; so I';ll tack', where the first and third sentences express intentions and the second sentence a belief. This sort of practical reasoning is supported by a valid logical derivation, and therefore seems uncontrovertible. A more contentious example is normative practical reasoning of the form 'I ought to φ, so I';ll φ', where 'I ought to φ' expresses a normative belief and 'I';ll φ' an intention. This has at least some characteristics of reasoning, but there are also grounds for doubting that it is genuine reasoning. One objection is that it seems inappropriate to derive an intention to φ from a belief that you ought to φ, rather than a belief that you ought to intend to φ. Another is that you may not be able to go through this putative process of reasoning, and this inability might disqualify it from being reasoning. A third objection is that it violates the Humean doctrine that reason alone cannot motivate any action of the will. This paper investigates these objections.     

约翰

1、他被尊称为“施洗约翰”,是祭司撒迦利亚的儿子(太3:1,可1:4,约1:6),他为主耶稣预备道路,也是最后的一位先知。当犹太王希律的时候,亚比雅班里有一个祭司,名叫撒迦利亚。他妻子以利沙伯是亚伦的后人。他们二人在神面前都是义人,没有可指摘的。只是两人的年纪都已经老迈,尚没有     

约翰

神的礼物God’s gift耶和华已施恩Jehovah has been gracious约翰看见耶稣来到他那里,他就说:“看哪,神的羔羊,除去世人罪孽的。这就是我曾说‘有一位在我以后来,反成了在我以前的,因他本来在我以前’。我先前不认识他,如今我来用水给他施洗,为要叫他显明给以色列人。”约翰又作见证说:“我曾看见圣灵仿佛鸽子从天降下,住在他的身上。我先前不认识他,只是那差我来用水施洗的,对我说:‘你     

Theoria versus Poesis: Neoplatonism and Trinitarian Difference in Aquinas,John Milbank,Jean-Luc Marion and John Zizioulas

The totality with which postmodern Christian theology asserts its right to proceed independently of philosophy is, in fact, philosophically situated and determined. Heidegger, primarily, defines theology's project by his narration of Western Fate in terms of onto-theology. Two trinitarian differences are required of theologians who understand theology's situation thus: the first, associated with the procession of the Logos, requires getting beyond philosophy; the second, associated with the Spirit, requires getting beyond theology to poesis. Following Heidegger transforms theology into poesis and praxis. Beginning from a criticism of Aquinas implicit in a contrast made by Milbank between true trinitarian differential ontology and that possible from within Aristotelian categories like potency, act and actus purus , the paper considers what response might be made on behalf of medieval western philosophical theology and its development of trinitarian difference within theoria. The argument is that its union of Neoplatonic negative theology and metaphysics does not escape being onto-theology but does provide genuine trinitarian difference.