Expressive Art in Cross-Cultural Group Supervision: Applying the Mmogo-Method™

Academic mobility has increased the tendency of students to study in foreign countries, which poses various personal, interpersonal and contextual challenges to the cross-cultural supervision relationship. This study explored the themes that emerged in a cross-cultural supervision relationship through the application of expressive art, referred to as the Mmogo-Method?, in cross-cultural group supervision. Fourteen individuals participated in the research, thirteen Tswana-speaking women from Botswana and a Tshivenda-speaking man from Venda (age range: 25 to 45 years). Participants were asked to create visual representations illustrating any aspect of their growth since the beginning of the year. Thereafter, the participants engaged in focus group discussions. Data were analysed by means of semiotic data analysis. Central themes suggest that the transfer of culturally embedded values and norms takes place between environments. The data further elicited valuable information regarding aspects that could play an integral role in personal and professional development. It appears that expressive art such as the Mmogo-Method? could serve as a valuable tool in enhancing the quality of supervision.     

The SNAP™ Under 12 Outreach Project: Effects of a Community Based Program for Children with Conduct Problems

We examined the immediate, short- and long-term effectiveness of the SNAP™ Under 12 Outreach Project (ORP)—a community-based program for children under the age of 12 at risk of having police contact. Sixteen pairs of children were matched on age, sex and severity of delinquency at admission, and randomly assigned to the ORP or to a control group which received less intensive treatment. Level of antisocial behavior was assessed pre and post intervention (immediate effects) and at three follow-up periods (up to 15 months post treatment) to investigate maintenance of possible treatment effects. A search of criminal records was also performed to assess long term effects. Results indicated that ORP children decreased significantly more than controls on the Delinquency and Aggression subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist pre- to post-intervention, and these effects were maintained over time. For statistically significant differences, effect sizes were large (.79 to 1.19). Fewer ORP children (31%) had criminal records at follow-up compared to controls (57%), although this difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the ORP appears to be an effective cognitive-behavioral program for antisocial children in the short term, with possible effects that extend into adolescence and adulthood.     

Positive Adaptation in a Community of Postgraduate Students: Applying the Mmogo-method™

This study explored the experiences of postgraduate psychology students exposed to continuous challenges and described their positive adaptation as a community. Three males and 14 females (age range: 23–30 years; 1 black, 3 coloured, 2 Indian and 11 white) took part in the study. Data were obtained through the Mmogo-method?, group discussions on the visual presentations, written texts and an in-depth interview. The findings indicated that threats from outside as well as from within a community have implications for the community's positive adaptation. Positive adaptation develops through cyclical processes. It depends on the availability of tangible (financial, teaching) and personal (humour) resources. Among the outcomes of positive adaptation are that people who share challenging experiences report a sense of belonging and hope and also respect for diversity. Positive adaptation helps a community strengthen and protect its members.     

The Acculturation of Community Psychology: Is There a Best Way?

In this paper I describe a community psychology perspective on acculturation and adjustment of immigrants and refugees and suggest that this field of acculturation research has in turn something to offer heuristically as we consider our identity and training for future generations of community psychologists over the next 50 years. I suggest that honoring our heritage, maintaining our disciplinary identity as community psychologists, and sustaining doctoral programs that offer training specific to community psychology are crucial for our survival as a field and is not antithetical to, and is indeed necessary for, interdisciplinary collaborations.     

The Self’s Symbolic Role in Implicit Approach/Avoidance: Movement Time Evidence

Theories of self-regulation emphasize the special role that the symbolic self may play in approach and avoidance movements, but experimental evidence is lacking. In two experiments (total N = 157), participants moved either a self-relevant (e.g., “me”) or non-self (e.g., “not me”) agent to one of two locations, one occupied by a positive word and the other occupied by a negative word. In both experiments, the movement agent interacted with the destination valence such that it was only the symbolic self that moved more quickly to positive rather than negative locations. These results established a role for the symbolic self in approach/avoidance that had been questioned, thereby supporting both classic and contemporary self-related theories of approach and avoidance.     

The Effects of Context on Parent—Child Interactions

Abstract

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An Introduction to the Study of Literature. Edited by Edwin Herbert Lewis, Ph. D. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1899, pp. 410. Reviewed by W. S. Small.

L'Enfant et l'Adolescent dans la Société Moderne, par Louis Defert. Preface de M. Th. Ranssel. Paris, Montgredien et Cie, 1897. pp. 217. Reviewed by W. S. Small.

Une enquěte pédagogique dans les écoles primaires de Lyon. Par M. Chabot. Bulletin de l'Instruction primaire du Rhóne. January, 1899. pp. 51-55. Reviewed by Will S. Monroe.

Women and Economics, by Charlotte Perkins Stetson. Boston, 1898. pp. 340. Reviewed by J. P. Hylan.

Talks to Teachers on Psychology: and to Students on Some of Life's Ideals, by William James. Henry Holt &; Co., New York, 1899. pp. 301.

Psychology and Life, by Hugo Munsterberg. Houghton, Mifflin &; Co., Boston and New York, 1899. pp. 286.

From Comte to Benjamin Kidd, by Robert Mackintosh. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1899. pp. 312.

From the Child's Standpoint, by Florence H. Winterburn. Baker &; Taylor Co., New York, 1899. pp. 278.

Der Stoffwechsel des Kindes, von Wilhelm Camerer. Tübingen, 1896. pp. 160.

Tom Tit Tot, by Edward Clodd. London, 1898. pp. 249.

The Story of Ab; A Tale of the Time of the Cave Man, by Stanley Waterloo. Chicago and New York, 1899. pp. 351.

Legends of the Saints, by G. R. Woodward. London, 1898. pp. 104.

A Country Schoolmaster; James Shaw, Tynron, Dumfriesshire. Edited by Robert Wallace. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1899. pp. 392.

Creative Myths of Primitive America in Relation to the Religious History and Mental Development of Mankind, by Jeremiah Curtin. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1898. pp. 530.

The Art of Teaching, by David Salmon. Longmans, Green and Co., New York, 1898. pp. 289.

The Life of Henry Drummond, by George Adam Smith. London, 1899. pp. 506.

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The Great Affirmations of Religion, by Thomas R. Slicer. Houghton, Mifflin &; Co., Boston and New York, 1898. pp. 273.

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The Thought of Building a Human Community with a Shared Future: Inheritance and Innovation to Marx’ s Thought of Community

Marx’s thought of community has experienced three stages in logic and is rooted in the social fundamental contradictions between productive forces and universal communication in content. It reflects the evolution of history into world history and human’s free and all-round development tending towards the unity of individuals and communities. Faced with the profound changes never seen in a century, the thought of building a human community with a shared future inherits and carries forward Marx’s idea of community in three aspects, i.e., the practice of building a social community, the ultimate focus on human destiny, and the grand vision of promoting historical development in human society. In addition, under the historical context of socialism and capitalism coexisting, the thought of building a human community with a shared future creates and shows a new state of Marx’s idea of community in three aspects, namely, dimension remodeling, path reshaping, and value reinterpretation. It presents a new model for historical significance and human civilization of a world of openness, probability and promise to promote the transformation from the modern society to a human society.     

Community Disadvantage and Adolescent’s Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Father Influence

Among adolescents, positive parenting behavior has been found to lessen the negative effects associated with living in an impoverished community. Few studies however, have focused on the association between macro-level community influences and adolescent outcomes, and the possible parenting mechanisms through which this relationship exists. Further, less empirical attention has been directed towards the unique role played by fathers in mediating contextual influences on adolescent outcomes. To address this gap in the literature, using a nationally representative subsample of adolescents, the current study explores the mediating role of father’s school-related involvement and father–adolescent relationship quality on the association between community-level disadvantage and adolescent’s academic achievement. Results from multilevel structural equation modeling revealed a significant relationship between community disadvantage and adolescent’s academic achievement, which was further mediated by aspects of father’s influence. Among other things, findings lend support for a model outlining father’s influence as a mediator of the relationship between contextual factors and adolescent’s academic success.     

The Conversos of Valencia: Prosopography of a Socio-Religious Community (1391–1420)

Since the nineteenth century, conversos have been among the most prolific lines of research for medievalists and early modern historians. The persecution they suffered at the hands of the Inquisition, the veracity of the claims that attributed to them a clear tendency to remain Jewish in secret long after they were baptized, and their role as cultural agents and active contributors to Spanish culture, particularly in the field of literature, have appealed greatly to researchers. However, in contrast to the vast amount of academic research focusing on Jews from a social perspective, our knowledge of the first generations of conversos is limited. In this article, we present the results of prosopographical research devoted to the converso collective of Valencia from July 9, 1391—the year of the violent and massive conversion of the city’s Hebrew population—to 1420. In particular, we discuss the methodological obstacles presented by such research; evaluate whether the converted population in Valencia can be considered a community after 1391; analyze the socio-professional structure and general economic activities of conversos; and study the social dynamics and interpersonal conflicts that developed both within the group and with Old Christians during this thirty-year period.

     

The Role of Strategy in Mixed-Gender Group Interactions: A Study of the Television Show “The Weakest Link”

This paper studies mixed-gender group interactions in a strategic game where group members are sequentially eliminated till a single winner takes all. Study 1 tests the hypothesis that female contestants are retained till final rounds where they are eliminated. Using observational data from the US television show The Weakest Link (20 shows), results show that females are finalists but not winners. In a laboratory study (Study 2, 67 Berkeley undergraduates), we show that this effect is attenuated when winnings are shared among finalists (versus one winner takes all) due to the reduction in competitive pressures in the context. This research was supported in part by the Junior Faculty Research Grant awarded by the University of California at Berkeley to the second author.     

Hippocrates’ Oath: Commitment and Community

Philosophia - In Hippocrates’ Oath and Asclepius’ Snake: The Birth of the Medical Profession, Thomas Cavanaugh focuses on performative aspects of the taking of the oath which bear upon...     

Marital Satisfaction and Quality of Father–Child Interactions: The Moderating Role of Child Gender

The authors aimed to investigate the prospective links between normative variation in fathers’ marital satisfaction and the observed quality of father–toddler interactions, as well as the moderating role of child gender in these associations. Sixty-three fathers reported on their marital satisfaction when their children were 15 months of age, and were observed interacting with their child at 18 months. The results suggested that marital satisfaction was positively associated with the quality of father–son interactions, while no relations emerged among fathers of girls. These findings reiterate the importance of marital relationships for the quality of fathers’ parenting, while reaffirming previous suggestions that the role of child gender in the marriage-parenting connections requires further investigation.     

The Markan Community, Myth or Maze? Bauckham's The Gospel for All Christians Revisited

This study is a follow-up to Richard Bauckham's thesis thatthe canonical Gospels were composed for Christians in generaland not for isolated communities. The study focuses on Mark'sGospel and argues that scepticism is warranted against any postulationof a so-called ‘Markan community’ because no linkbetween the Gospel of Mark and a particular community can befirmly established and that even if a Markan community did existit is impossible to identify its situation and location withany degree of certainty.     

A Laughing Matter? The Uses of Humor in Medical Interactions

Motivation and Emotion - As Coser (1962) demonstrated in her landmark hospital study, a humor is one of the great tools of reassurance on the hospital ward. After all, if something is ridiculous,...