Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten in der Verhaltensmedizin

Die Psychotherapie - Die Verhaltensmedizin ist das Arbeits- und Forschungsgebiet, in dem empirisch geprüfte Methoden der Verhaltenstherapie in unterschiedlichsten medizinischen Disziplinen...     

Mentalisierung und externalisierende Verhaltensstörungen in der Adoleszenz

Social cognition creates the conditions for successful human interaction. Externalizing disorders are characterized by a failure of adequate social cooperation. Therefore, social cognition seems to be a key factor in understanding externalizing behavior, its etiology and treatment options. The present article combines the clinical theory of mentalization with the state-of-the-art of empirical data on externalizing behavior and of the theory-of-mind research as well as research on social information processing. Empirical evidence suggests that there are distinct deficits in social cognition depending on the type of aggression (proactive or reactive). However, even though it is known from a neurobiological perspective that social cognition is reorganized in adolescence, research on externalizing behavior and social cognition in adolescence is limited. Hence the analysis of two studies is presented which compared reflective functioning between a group of late adolescent violent offenders and a control group. A total of 42 young men participated in the studies and were interviewed with the adult attachment interview. Interviews were coded with the reflective functioning scale. Results showed that violent offenders scored significantly lower on the reflective functioning scale than age and gender matched controls. This result is independent of intelligence. Instrumental proactive aggression and psychopathic tendencies are also strongly associated with lower reflective functioning. The results underline the importance of therapeutic interventions for externalizing adolescents which enhance reflective functioning.     

Möglichkeiten und Grenzen standardisierter Untersuchungsinstrumente

In general, psychological test procedures are standardized. This means that content and structure are fixed and even procedure, scoring and interpretation are subject to certain rules. Apart from classical methods, such as collecting the medical history directly from the patient or from third parties, or such as behavioral observation or file review, standardized methods have become more important within the fields of forensic psychiatric and forensic psychological expert evidence. The current contribution is meant to provide an overview of the use of standardized methods primarily dealing with the assessment of personality structure and paraphilia (more specifically pedophilia). As the authenticity of self-reports within the forensic domain is questionable, (semi)structured observer rating instruments are particularly relevant. These rating instruments comprise interview guides for personality disorder and file-based assessments of crime scene behavior with respect to pedophilia. In the current contribution statistical methods for single case assessment are highlighted that allow gauging whether diagnoses or prognoses are plausible and whether changes or differences in test scores are meaningful. If the indications for standardized measures are present, their use will typically be the method of choice, not merely an optional supplement.     

Anfänge und Entwicklung der Leistungsmotivation: (II.) in der Zielsetzung des Kleinkindes

Ohne ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit ist Herrn Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Metzger zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Multimodale Psychotherapie der dissozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung: aktuelle Konzepte in der Straftäterbehandlung

The frequent equalization of antisocial personality disorder with habitual criminality has led to the fact that therapeutic pessimism still pervades and many psychotherapists are reluctant to treat patients with antisocial personality disorder because of widespread belief that such patients are frequently untreatable. There is increasing evidence, however, that antisocial personality disorders can absolutely be successfully treated. Meta-analyzes have shown that successful treatment programs are modularized and thus highly structured thematically according to therapy priorities. Furthermore, therapy optimism of therapists could be repeatedly demonstrated as an additional factor, which at the same time implies significant positive effects on a favorable therapist-patient relationship. In this article the most important research results from recent studies are summarized and discussed. Treatment planning in detail is then discussed, based on thorough assessment of the individual’s personality characteristics to determine prognosis, risk management, and appropriate treatment.     

Weiterbildungsm?glichkeiten in der Verhaltensmedizin

Die Verhaltensmedizin ist das Arbeits- und Forschungsgebiet, in dem empirisch geprüfte Methoden der Verhaltenstherapie in unterschiedlichsten medizinischen Disziplinen eingesetzt werden. Biopsychosoziale Erklärungsansätze für körperliche Gesundheit und Krankheit werden zur Ableitung präventiver, diagnostischer, therapeutischer und rehabilitativer Maßnahmen herangezogen. Dieses interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgebiet ist im Rahmen der psychotherapeutischen Weiterbildung etabliert. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Weiterbildungscurriculum mit den Schwerpunkten Verhaltensmedizin und Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie vorgestellt.     

Gegenübertragungsdiagnostik in der Psychotherapie suizidaler Männer

The diagnosis of suicidality is an important challenge in psychotherapy: The threat of life has to be determined, decisions in differential therapy must be made and the therapeutical relationship must be established. The psychoanalytical contribution to the diagnostics of suicidality is the analysis of transference and countertransference phenomena, of "scenic" actions and of enactments between patient and therapist. By a systematic qualitative research method ("forming ideal types by understanding") 5 prototypical transference-/countertransference situations at the beginning of outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy of suicidal men are identified and out of them 3 ideal types are constructed. The object-alienated ideal type with an avoidant transference and "weak", e.g. unemotional complementary countertransference appears to be a special problem. If aggression and strong attachment wishes toward the object come into the therapeutic relationship, this often is an indicator for the contacts’strength and can lead to deactualisation of suicidality. The results are discussed with and supported by methodically different publications on object relations orientated aspects of suicidality.     

Das Ausmaß von Müdigkeit und Erschöpfbarkeit in der über 60-jährigen Normalbevölkerung in Deutschland

In a community-based random sample of 622 elderly persons over 60 years of age, fatigue was assessed by means of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI; a self-assessment measure). Higher fatigue values were found with increasing age, particularly physical feelings of fatigue, reduced activity and reduced motivation. Fatigue was associated with depression, with a low health-related quality of life and with subjective physical complaints. Distinct fatigue symptoms in the elderly should therefore be regarded as possible indicators for somatic and/or psychological burdens and should receive diagnostic and therapeutic attention. In the present paper, mean values and percentiles for different age groups over 60 years are given as norm values for the normal population over 60 years of age.     

Psychische Störungen und Psychotherapie in der spätmodernen Gesellschaft

The development into a globalized network capitalism has brought enduring change to everyday experiences of humans and affected their self-images and concepts of normality. The new capitalism offered us a specific disturbance panorama which, however, in the language game of clinical diagnostics cannot be named and classified in its social framework. Here is a gap in professional reflection. Psychotherapy needs social diagnostics and for its part can contribute to it. Moreover, it is necessary for psychotherapy to develop its therapeutic technical operating level by a critical alertness for the structural conditions of human life and human suffering.     

Zum Problem der methodischen Zugänglichkeit frühkindlicher Formwahrnehmung: Eine Antwort an Rüssel

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Anfänge und Entwicklung der Leistungsmotivation: (I.) im Wetteifer des Kleinkindes

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Die biotheoretischen Mängel der Evolutionären Erkenntnistheorie

Journal for General Philosophy of Science - The concept of evolutionary epistemology has been critically discussed by philosophers who have mainly pointed to unacceptable philosophical tenets (cf....     

Methodenstreit in der Nationalökonomie

Methodenstreit in Economics. This essay offers an account of the Methodenstreit in economics between first Menger and Schmoller and later Max Weber and again Schmoller. It is argued that, for Schmoller, two issues were central; to use economics (widely conceived) as an instrument for economic policy and notably social policy: and to base the science empirically with all the modern methods available. In contrast, the Austrian position had a different view of economics as a science, seeing it more as a system of ideas, which implies a radically different use of empirical evidence. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.