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对友谊关系社会认知发展的跨文化比较研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
该研究以友谊许诺为主题的故事分别对冰岛(雷克雅未克市)和中国(北京市)的7岁和9岁小学儿童作个别随访,探查儿童在友谊矛盾冲突情景中是如何作出行动决定选择及道德评价的。研究结果揭示了文化及年龄变量对儿童有关社会认知发展的影响。 相似文献
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友谊在学前儿童的社会发展中占有很重要的地位,它能帮助儿童学习社会化技巧,促进社会性比较,以及使得幼儿得到团体的归属感。然而早期幼儿间的相互关系往往被忽略,直到1970年代才再度出现一些相关研究。笔者通过对有关学前儿童友谊研究的梳理,从学前儿童友谊概念,学前儿童友谊表现形式及影响因素等方面整理出关于学前儿童友谊的研究综述。 相似文献
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儿童的两种亲密人际关系:亲子依恋与友谊 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以城市三所普通小学四、五、六年级的505名学生为被试,用问卷调查、团体施测的方式,探讨儿童亲子依恋与其友谊的关系,结果发现:在儿童友谊质量方面,父、母均有影响,在友谊的数量,如好朋友提名分方面母亲的作用也是显见的;亲子依恋特质的两成分(信赖、亲近)对儿童友谊质量的积极特征和冲突水平有相对不同预测力。 相似文献
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小学儿童互选友谊的发展趋势及攻击行为的影响:3年追踪研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对小学3、4年级的285名儿童进行了3年追踪调查,分析了儿童分别与男、女生互选友谊数的变化趋势及其在个体间的差异,探讨了外部攻击和关系攻击分别对两类互选友谊数的影响。结果表明:(1)儿童的男、女生互选友谊数在3年时间内都有显著的增加趋势,并表现出显著的性别差异,儿童与同性互选友谊数显著多于他们与异性的互选友谊数,男生与女生互选友谊数的增加速度比女生与女生互选友谊数增加速度慢,儿童与男生的互选友谊数越多,他/她与女生的互选友谊数就越少,表明了性别隔离现象的存在。(2)在控制了关系攻击的影响后,儿童的外部攻击对他们在各时间点测得的与女生的互选友谊数有显著的消极影响,而对他们与男生的互选友谊数影响不显著;在控制了外部攻击的影响后,儿童的关系攻击对他们在各时间点测得的与女生的互选友谊数有显著的积极影响,而对他们与男生的互选友谊数影响不显著。这说明外部攻击和关系攻击对儿童互选友谊数的影响存在性别差异 相似文献
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为了揭示童年期友谊质量与孤独感的纵向发展关系,以771名小学3、4年级学生为对象,采用友谊质量问卷、孤独感问卷和应对方式问卷进行了为期2年的纵向追踪。结果表明:(1)在纵向发展上,童年期儿童的友谊质量无法持续稳定地预测孤独感的纵向发展,但孤独感可以持续显著预测友谊质量的发展;(2)童年期儿童的应对方式既可以显著预测友谊质量的纵向发展,也可以显著预测孤独感的纵向发展。结论:在纵向发展上,童年期儿童的友谊质量与孤独感呈共同变化关系,两者的发展轨迹均受第三因素——应对方式发展的影响。 相似文献
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学习困难儿童友谊质量、定向、孤独感的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用问卷法对2-6年级学习困难儿童研究发现,与非学习困难儿童相比,学习困难儿童友谊质量、定向显著偏低,孤独感显著偏高;性别对学习困难儿童友谊质量、定向影响显著,孤独感受年龄影响显著,另外,学习困难儿童友谊质量、定向能够显著地负向预测孤独感。 相似文献
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Sibling conflict can rise to the level of a clinical problem. In Phase 1 a lengthy behavioral role-play analog sampling child
reactions to normal sibling conflicts was successfully shortened. In Phase 2 normal children who lacked sibling conflict resolution
skills were randomly assigned to a Training or Measurement Only condition. Training consisted of five clinic sessions focusing
on verbal reasoning, assertiveness, and acceptance skills. Trained children outperformed Measurement Only children on the
shortened role-play test. Parents of trained children, but not untrained children, perceived improved social competence in
the home. The project provides an empirical foundation for future research with aggressive siblings. 相似文献
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It is generally acknowledged that people adopt different resolution strategies when facing conflicts with others. However, the mechanisms of conflict resolution are still unclear and under researched, in particular within the context of Chinese adolescents' same-sex friendship relations. Thus, the present study investigated the mediator role of conflict resolution strategies in the relationship between regulatory foci and friendship satisfaction for the first time. 653 Chinese adolescents completed the regulatory foci, conflict resolution style, and friendship satisfaction measures. The results of the structure equation modeling showed that while promotion focus was positively associated with problem-solving and compliance, prevention focus was positively associated with withdrawal and conflict engagement. In addition, problem-solving mediated the relationship between promotion focus and friendship satisfaction, and conflict engagement mediated the relationship between prevention focus and friendship satisfaction. These findings contribute to understanding Chinese adolescents' use of conflict resolution strategies as well as the relationship between regulatory foci and behavioral strategies in negative situations. 相似文献
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Monique Alls‐Jardel Clia Fourdrinier Aurlia Roux Barry H. Schneider 《International journal of psychology》2002,37(2):65-73
This study focused on the implications of parents' structuring of their children's home lives for the friendships of their children. Participants were 224 elementary‐school children (108 girls and 116 boys) from four grade levels in two schools in Aix‐en‐Provence, France. Most of the families were of middle or high socio‐economic status. The participating children were seen twice during the same school year in order to assess the stability of their friendship choices and the quality of their friendships. We used Lautrey's (1989) questionnaire in order to assess the parents' styles in the structuring of family life and related child‐rearing practice. This questionnaire delineates three structuring styles: 1) rigid, characterized by considerable imposition of routines with little leeway for exceptional circumstances; 2) flexible, in which established routines can be modified as circumstances dictate; and 3) laissez‐faire, characterized by an absence of predictability and routine. We measured friendship quality by means of Friendship Quality Scale developed by Bukowski, Hoza, and Boivin (1989). This scale consists of 23 items representing five dimensions: companionship, help, security, closeness and conflict. This tool was designed to elicit children's perceptions of a specific relationship with a friend. Results indicated a significant link between parenting style and both of the dimensions of child friendship we studied. Children from homes characterized by a laissez‐faire style of parenting have friendships with more positive features than children from homes with flexible or rigid styles. We also found that friendships were generally less stable and rated as less positive than in similar studies conducted in other countries. 相似文献
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Friendships are an important source of happiness. The present study (n = 280) investigated the role of friendship quality and conflict in happiness and examined the feature of friendship that
best predicted happiness. Information was gathered about the quality and conflict of the best, first and second close friendships
of the individual. Results revealed that best friendship quality was the only significant predictor of happiness; however,
individuals were happier when they experienced high quality first close friendships in conjunction with a high quality best
friendship. Results also revealed that first close friendship quality buffered the negative impact of first close friendship
conflict. The companionship feature of the best and first close friendship appeared as the strongest predictor of happiness.
Findings were discussed in light of the literature and suggestions for future research were made. 相似文献
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Bauminger N Solomon M Aviezer A Heung K Gazit L Brown J Rogers SJ 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(2):135-150
This study of Israeli and American preadolescent children examined characteristics of friendship in 44 children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) compared to 38 typically developing children (TYP), as they interacted with a close friend Participants were 8-12 years of age (HFASD: Israel, n = 24; USA, n = 20; TYP: Israel, n = 23; USA, n = 15), and were matched on SES, receptive language vocabulary, child age, and gender (each study group included one girl). Multidimensional assessments included: individual behaviors of target children and observed child-friend interactions during construction and drawing scenarios; target child's and friend's self-perceived mutual friendship qualities; and mother-reported characteristics (friendship's duration/frequency; friend's age/gender/disability status). Overall, children with HFASD displayed a number of differences on individual and dyadic friendship measures. Both age and verbal abilities affected friendship behaviors. Children with HFASD and their friends perceived friendship qualities similarly, suggesting that preadolescents with HFASD have capacities for interpersonal awareness. Between-group similarities also emerged on several complex social behaviors, suggesting that friendship follows a developmental trajectory in autism and may enhance social interaction skills in autism. 相似文献
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A Multimethod Exploration of the Friendships of Children Considered Socially Withdrawn by Their School Peers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Barry H. Schneider 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1999,27(2):115-123
Friendships of children considered socially withdrawn by their school peers were investigated within a population of elementary school children. Reciprocal friends were identified by a friendship nomination procedure; social withdrawal was assessed by peer nominations. Trained graduate students rated videotapes of dyads of friends (n = 58 dyads, of which 29 contained at least one withdrawn child) for selected features of friendship quality. In addition, each friend within a dyad provided ratings of the quality of the relationship. The videotaped data showed the withdrawn children to be somewhat restricted in their verbal communication with their friends, and less competitive with their friends, than were friends in a comparison group. In dyads consisting of one withdrawn and one nonwithdrawn child, the withdrawn child perceived the relationship as characterized by greater closeness and helpfulness than did the nonwithdrawn friend. Despite some signs of inhibited behavior within the friendship context, withdrawn children seem to have access to close friendships of high quality. 相似文献
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Ernest N. Jouriles David Rosenfield Renee McDonald Victoria Mueller 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2014,42(5):693-704
This study examined whether child involvement in interparental conflict predicts child externalizing and internalizing problems in violent families. Participants were 119 families (mothers and children) recruited from domestic violence shelters. One child between the ages of 7 and 10 years in each family (50 female, 69 male) completed measures of involvement in their parents’ conflicts, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Mothers completed measures of child externalizing and internalizing problems, and physical intimate partner violence. Measures were completed at three assessments, spaced 6 months apart. Results indicated that children’s involvement in their parents’ conflicts was positively associated with child adjustment problems. These associations emerged in between-subjects and within-subjects analyses, and for child externalizing as well as internalizing problems, even after controlling for the influence of physical intimate partner violence. In addition, child involvement in parental conflicts predicted later child reports of externalizing problems, but child reports of externalizing problems did not predict later involvement in parental conflicts. These findings highlight the importance of considering children’s involvement in their parents’ conflicts in theory and clinical work pertaining to high-conflict families. 相似文献