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1.
Gaisi Takeuti has recently proposed a new operation on orthomodular latticesL, \(\begin{array}{*{20}c} \parallel \\ \_ \\ \end{array} \) :P(L)»L. The properties of \(\begin{array}{*{20}c} \parallel \\ \_ \\ \end{array} \) suggest that the value of \(\begin{array}{*{20}c} \parallel \\ \_ \\ \end{array} \) (A) (A) \( \subseteq \) L) corresponds to the degree in which the elements ofA behave classically. To make this idea precise, we investigate the connection between structural properties of orthomodular latticesL and the existence of two-valued homomorphisms onL. 相似文献
2.
Dean Harper 《Psychometrika》1972,37(1):53-59
A local independence latent structure model, which assumesm latent classes, requires a minimum of 2m-1 items for the solution of the 2m
2 latent parameters. If one adds 3 items to the test and if one assumes local dependence between pairs of items, thereby adding
additional latent parameters,
ij
, representing the association between itemsi andj, then it is possible to obtain estimates for all of the latent parameters: latent class frequencies latent probabilities, and measures of association between pairs of items. The solution consists of (1) forming (m + 1) × (m + 1) matrices of manifest data, which are singular, (2) solving for the
ij
in equations that result from the singularity of the data matrices, (3) correcting the manifest data by removing the contamination due to local dependence, and (4) estimating the remaining latent parameters from the corrected data, using methods outlined in earlier literature. 相似文献
3.
Nicholas Long Barbara-Jeanne Austin Mary M. Gound Abesie O. Kelly Adrienne A. Gardner Rick Dunn Stacy B. Harris Kim S. Miller 《Journal of child and family studies》2004,13(1):47-65
The Parents Matter! Program (PMP) has developed three interventions for parents of 4th and 5th grade African-American children (9–12 years old). The overarching goal of all three interventions is to provide parents with knowledge, skills, and support for enhancing their efforts to raise healthy children. The interventions are: (1) Enhanced Communication and Parenting (five 2
-hour sessions), (2) Brief Communication and Parenting (single 2
-hour session), and (3) General Health (single 2
-hour session). This article discusses the development of these interventions, presents an overview of the content of each intervention, and discusses issues related to the facilitation/presentation of these interventions. 相似文献
4.
Pierluigi Minari 《Studia Logica》1983,42(4):431-441
We give completeness results — with respect to Kripke's semantic — for the negation-free intermediate predicate calculi: (1) $$\begin{gathered} BD = positive predicate calculus PQ + B:(\alpha \to \beta )v(\beta \to \alpha ) \hfill \\ + D:\forall x\left( {a\left( x \right)v\beta } \right) \to \forall xav\beta \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ (2) $$T_n D = PQ + T_n :\left( {a_0 \to a_1 } \right)v \ldots v\left( {a_n \to a_{n + 1} } \right) + D\left( {n \geqslant 0} \right)$$ and the superintuitionistic predicate calculus: (3) $$B^1 DH_2^ \urcorner = BD + intuitionistic negation + H_2^ \urcorner : \urcorner \forall xa \to \exists x \urcorner a.$$ The central point is the completeness proof for (1), which is obtained modifying Klemke's construction [3]. For a general account on negation-free intermediate predicate calculi — see Casari-Minari [1]; for an algebraic treatment of some superintuitionistic predicate calculi involving schemasB andD — see Horn [4] and Görnemann [2]. 相似文献
5.
We introduce an atomic formula ${\vec{y} \bot_{\vec{x}}\vec{z}}$ intuitively saying that the variables ${\vec{y}}$ are independent from the variables ${\vec{z}}$ if the variables ${\vec{x}}$ are kept constant. We contrast this with dependence logic ${\mathcal{D}}$ based on the atomic formula = ${(\vec{x}, \vec{y})}$ , actually equivalent to ${\vec{y} \bot_{\vec{x}}\vec{y}}$ , saying that the variables ${\vec{y}}$ are totally determined by the variables ${\vec{x}}$ . We show that ${\vec{y} \bot_{\vec{x}}\vec{z}}$ gives rise to a natural logic capable of formalizing basic intuitions about independence and dependence. We show that ${\vec{y} \bot_{\vec{x}}\vec{z}}$ can be used to give partially ordered quantifiers and IF-logic an alternative interpretation without some of the shortcomings related to so called signaling that interpretations using = ${(\vec{x}, \vec{y})}$ have. 相似文献
6.
In his milestone textbook Lattice Theory, Garrett Birkhoff challenged his readers to develop a ??common abstraction?? that includes Boolean algebras and latticeordered groups as special cases. In this paper, after reviewing the past attempts to solve the problem, we provide our own answer by selecting as common generalization of ${\mathcal{B} \mathcal{A}}$ and ${\mathcal{L} \mathcal{G}}$ their join ${\mathcal{B} \mathcal{A} \vee \mathcal{L} \mathcal{G}}$ in the lattice of subvarieties of ${\mathcal{F} \mathcal{L}}$ (the variety of FL-algebras); we argue that such a solution is optimal under several respects and we give an explicit equational basis for ${\mathcal{B} \mathcal{A} \vee \mathcal{L} \mathcal{G}}$ relative to ${\mathcal{F} \mathcal{L}}$ . Finally, we prove a Holland-type representation theorem for a variety of FL-algebras containing ${\mathcal{B} \mathcal{A} \vee \mathcal{L} \mathcal{G}}$ . 相似文献
7.
Let
be a finite collection of finite algebras of finite signature such that SP(
) has meet semi-distributive congruence lattices. We prove that there exists a finite collection
1 of finite algebras of the same signature,
, such that SP(
1) is finitely axiomatizable.We show also that if
, then SP(
1) is finitely axiomatizable. We offer new proofs of two important finite basis theorems of D. Pigozzi and R. Willard. Our actual results are somewhat more general than this abstract indicates.While working on this paper, the first author was partially supported by the Hungarian National Foundation for Scientific Research (OTKA) grant no. T37877 and the second author was supported by the US National Science Foundation grant no. DMS-0245622.Special issue of Studia Logica: Algebraic Theory of Quasivarieties Presented by
M. E. Adams, K. V. Adaricheva, W. Dziobiak, and A. V. Kravchenko 相似文献
8.
Leif T. Svensson 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1977,21(6):535-544
Data from various intramodel matching experiments in olfaction were analyzed with regard to a symmetric and an asymmetric model for the equal-sensation function. The asymmetric model was discussed in relation to the symmetric model. In all, 11 equal-sensation functions were investigated, and of these 9 were with different pairs of odorants. The following odorants were investigated: hydrogen sulfide, pyridine, dimethyl disulfide, and five odorants obtained by different combustion procedures of animal manure. It was found that the equal-sensation function can be written in the following asymmetric form: $$\varphi _i = b_{ik} \lambda \cdot \varphi _k ^{b_{ik} } ,\psi _i = \psi _k $$ or symmetric form: $$\varphi _i = C^{I - b_{ik} } \cdot \varphi _k ^{b_{ik} } ,\psi _i = \psi _k ,$$ where ?i and ?k are stimuli expressed in multiples of respective absolute thresholds, λ and C are general constants invariant of experimental matching method and matched attribute (perceived unpleasantness or intensity). The constants λ and C were calculated both for group data and individual data. The asymmetric form of the equal-sensation function was interpreted in terms of relativity and the symmetric form in terms of measurement. 相似文献
9.
J. Michael Dunn 《Studia Logica》1979,38(2):149-169
Given classical (2 valued) structures
and
and a homomorphism h of
onto
, it is shown how to construct a (non-degenerate) 3-valued counterpart
of
. Classical sentences that are true in
are non-false in
. Applications to number theory and type theory (with axiom of infinity) produce finite 3-valued models in which all classically true sentences of these theories are non-false. Connections to relevant logic give absolute consistency proofs for versions of these theories formulated in relevant logic (the proof for number theory was obtained earlier by R. K. Meyer and suggested the present abstract development). 相似文献
10.
We investigate an expansion of quasi-MV algebras ([10]) by a genuine quantum unary operator. The variety of such
quasi-MV algebras has a subquasivariety whose members—called cartesian—can be obtained in an appropriate way out of MV algebras. After showing that cartesian . quasi-MV algebras generate ,we prove a standard completeness theorem for w.r.t. an algebra over the complex numbers.
Presented by Heinrich Wansing 相似文献
11.
Alexander Budkin 《Studia Logica》2004,78(1-2):107-127
The dominion of a subalgebra H in an universal algebra A (in a class
) is the set of all elements
such that for all homomorphisms
if f, g coincide on H, then af = ag. We investigate the connection between dominions and quasivarieties. We show that if a class
is closed under ultraproducts, then the dominion in
is equal to the dominion in a quasivariety generated by
. Also we find conditions when dominions in a universal algebra form a lattice and study this lattice.Special issue of Studia Logica: Algebraic Theory of Quasivarieties Presented by
M. E. Adams, K. V. Adaricheva, W. Dziobiak, and A. V. Kravchenko 相似文献
12.
13.
Jarosław Achinger 《Studia Logica》1986,45(3):293-300
Universality of generalized Alexandroff's cube
plays essential role in theory of absolute retracts for the category of , -closure spaces. Alexandroff's cube.
is an , -closure space generated by the family of all complete filters. in a lattice of all subsets of a set of power
.Condition P(, ,
) says that
is a closure space of all , -filters in the lattice (
),
.Assuming that P (, ,
) holds, in the paper [2], there are given sufficient conditions saying when an , -closure space is an absolute retract for the category of , -closure spaces (see Theorems 2.1 and 3.4 in [2]).It seems that, under assumption that P (, ,
) holds, it will be possible to givean uniform characterization of absolute retracts for the category of , -closure-spaces.Except Lemma 3.1 from [1], there is no information when the condition P (, ,
) holds or when it does not hold.The main result of this paper says, that there are examples of cardinal numbers, , ,
such that P (, ,
) is not satisfied.Namely it is proved, using elementary properties of Lebesgue measure on the real line, that the condition P (,
1, 2
) is not satisfied.Moreover it is shown that fulfillment of the condition is essential assumption in, Theorems 2.1 and 3.4 from [1] i.e. it cannot be eliminated. 相似文献
14.
We introduce two simple empirical approximate Bayes estimators (EABEs)—
and
—for estimating domain scores under binomial and hypergeometric distributions, respectively. Both EABEs (derived from corresponding marginal distributions of observed test scorex without relying on knowledge of prior domain score distributions) have been proven to hold -asymptotic optimality in Robbins' sense of convergence in mean. We found that, where
and
are the monotonized versions of
and
under Van Houwelingen's monotonization method, respectively, the convergence rate of the overall expected loss of Bayes risk in either
or
depends on test length, sample size, and ratio of test length to size of domain items. In terms of conditional Bayes risk,
and
outperform their maximum likelihood counterparts over the middle range of domain scales. In terms of mean-squared error, we also found that: (a) given a unimodal prior distribution of domain scores,
performs better than both
and a linear EBE of the beta-binomial model when domain item size is small or when test items reflect a high degree of heterogeneity; (b)
performs as well as
when prior distribution is bimodal and test items are homogeneous; and (c) the linear EBE is extremely robust when a large pool of homogeneous items plus a unimodal prior distribution exists.The authors are indebted to both anonymous reviewers, especially Reviewer 2, and the Editor for their invaluable comments and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Yuan-Chin Chang and Chin-Fu Hsiao for their help with our simulation and programming work. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
For a Euclidean space
, let L
n denote the modal logic of chequered subsets of
. For every n 1, we characterize L
n using the more familiar Kripke semantics, thus implying that each L
n is a tabular logic over the well-known modal system Grz of Grzegorczyk. We show that the logics L
n form a decreasing chain converging to the logic L
of chequered subsets of
. As a result, we obtain that L
is also a logic over Grz, and that L
has the finite model property. We conclude the paper by extending our results to the modal language enriched with the universal modality. 相似文献
18.
19.
Jeremy Meyers 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2014,43(1):71-108
Hybrid languages are introduced in order to evaluate the strength of “minimal” mereologies with relatively strong frame definability properties. Appealing to a robust form of nominalism, I claim that one investigated language $\mathcal {H}_{\textsf {m}}$ is maximally acceptable for nominalistic mereology. In an extension $\mathcal {H}_{\textsf {gem}}$ of $\mathcal {H}_{\textsf {m}}$ , a modal analog for the classical systems of Leonard and Goodman (J Symb Log 5:45–55, 1940) and Le?niewski (1916) is introduced and shown to be complete with respect to 0-deleted Boolean algebras. We characterize the formulas of first-order logic invariant for $\mathcal {H}_{\textsf {gem}}$ -bisimulations. 相似文献
20.
Jarosław Achinger 《Studia Logica》1986,45(3):281-292
In the paper [2] the following theorem is shown: Theorem (Th. 3,5, [2]), If α=0 or δ=∞ or α?δ, then a closure space X is an absolute extensor for the category of 〈α, δ〉 -closure spaces iff a contraction of X is the closure space of all 〈α, δ〉-filters in an 〈α, δ〉-semidistributive lattice. In the case when α=ω and δ=∞, this theorem becomes Scott's theorem: Theorem ([7]). A topological space X is an absolute extensor for the category of all topological spaces iff a contraction of X is a topological space of “Scott's open sets” in a continuous lattice. On the other hand, when α=0 and δ=ω, this theorem becomes Jankowski's theorem: Theorem ([4]). A closure space X is an absolute extensor for the category of all closure spaces satisfying the compactness theorem iff a contraction of X is a closure space of all filters in a complete Heyting lattice. But for separate cases of α and δ, the Theorem 3.5 from [2] is proved using essentialy different methods. In this paper it is shown that this theorem can be proved using, for retraction, one uniform formula. Namely it is proved that if α= 0 or δ= ∞ or α ? δ and \(F_{\alpha ,\delta } \left( L \right) \subseteq B_{\alpha ,\delta }^\mathfrak{n} \) and if L is an 〈α, δ〉-semidistributive lattice, then the function $$r:{\text{ }}B_{\alpha ,\delta }^\mathfrak{n} \to F_{\alpha ,\delta } \left( L \right)$$ such that for x ε ? ( \(\mathfrak{n}\) ): (*) $$r\left( x \right) = inf_L \left\{ {l \in L|\left( {\forall A \subseteq L} \right)x \in C\left( A \right) \Rightarrow l \in C\left( A \right)} \right\}$$ defines retraction, where C is a proper closure operator for \(B_{\alpha ,\delta }^\mathfrak{n} \) . It is also proved that the formula (*) defines retraction for all 〈α, δ〉, whenever L is an 〈α, δ〉 -pseudodistributive lattice. Moreover it is proved that when α=ω and δ=∞, the formula (*) defines identical retraction to the formula given in [7], and when α = 0 and δ=ω, the formula (*) defines identical retraction to the formula given in [4]. 相似文献