洞察力与医师临床工作能力

洞察力包括选择性编码、选择性比较、选择性联合.洞察力对于临床医师提高临床工作能力十分重要,可使医师更快速、更早、更准确地发现问题并做出积极处理.从生活中有意识的培养、临床工作中不断的有意识磨练、长期的临床积累以及强化基础理论学习、拓宽知识面都可提高洞察力,进而提高临床工作能力.     

小学教师选择注意与洞察力对课堂信息知觉的影响

选择注意和洞察力在教师课堂信息加工过程中起着十分重要的作用.本研究基于以往教师教学专长发展的理论,对选择注意与洞察力对教师课堂信息知觉加工速度与辨别力进行探讨.研究结果表明:选择注意与洞察力呈现显著正相关;选择性编码与选择性比较对课堂信息加工速度起着重要的作用;选择注意对教师课堂信息判断的正确率起着重要的作用;选择性联合对三类课堂信息加工速度与辨别力的影响均不显著.     

哈佛大学专科医师临床研究能力培养见闻及启示

临床医师的科研能力越来越受到重视,在繁忙的日常工作中如何提升临床医师的科研能力尤其是临床科研能力常常是困扰专科医生的重要问题。哈佛医学院是全球顶级的临床与教育机构,笔者通过参与为期一年全球临床学者科研培训(GCSRT)项目学习,亲身体会哈佛医学院这座世界一流大学临床学者科研培训过程,通过观察其培养模式和教育理念,并结合自己在国内带教中的体会进行比较和思考,以期与国内同行在专科医生临床研究能力培养方面进行探讨,共同推进专科医师综合能力的提高。     

外科医师临床培养中的矛盾与解决对策

外科医师临床培养中的矛盾,主要表现为师承的矛盾关系及实践的矛盾关系。在查房、病例讨论、外科手术操作等临床培养过程中,适当转换上级医师与其两者的角色地位,在层次提高过程中,采用请进来、送出去的开放式培养模式,有助于外科医师主动地实现认知知识向认知方法、知识向能力、学习基础知识向学习新知识新技术的多元综合转化。是矛盾解决、调动年轻医师学习主动性和积极性、引发其与上级医师互动学习的良好方法。     

论时间洞察力

时间洞察力既是能力特质也是动力特质,是个体对时间的认知、体验和行动(或行动倾向)的人格特质,它可以区分为过去时间洞察力、现在时间洞察力、未来时间洞察力,也可以区分为特质时间洞察力和状态时间洞察力。时间洞察力是决定个人事业与人生成功的关键因素。我们已开始用多维度-多方法对时间洞察力开展深入的研究。     

时间洞察力对成瘾行为的影响及其机制

成瘾行为给个体和社会带来了严重的危害。对成瘾人群时间洞察力的研究成为探讨成瘾行为产生和发展的一个新的视角。过去消极、现在享乐和现在宿命时间洞察力取向的个体更可能出现成瘾行为, 而未来时间洞察力取向则是成瘾行为的一个保护性因素, 它不仅可以减少成瘾行为的发生, 也有利于成瘾行为的康复。从自我调节, 冲动性决策等行为机制和前额叶的神经机制方面可以帮助我们深入理解时间洞察力对成瘾行为的影响。未来研究可以进一步探讨不同成瘾行为者时间洞察力的一致性与特异性; 采用纵向研究方法探讨成瘾者时间洞察力的动态变化过程; 对成瘾者的洞察力进行干预, 增加成瘾者的未来时间洞察力, 减少其过去消极和现在时间洞察力取向来帮助成瘾者实现时间洞察力的平衡, 从而提高其戒断效果。     

外科医师临床培养中的矛盾与解决对策

外科医师临床培养中的矛盾,主要表现为师承的矛盾关系及实践的矛盾关系.在查房、病例讨论、外科手术操作等临床培养过程中,适当转换上级医师与其两者的角色地位,在层次提高过程中,采用请进来、送出去的开放式培养模式,有助于外科医师主动地实现认知知识向认知方法、知识向能力、学习基础知识向学习新知识新技术的多元综合转化.是矛盾解决、调动年轻医师学习主动性和积极性、引发其与上级医师互动学习的良好方法.     

论医学人文执业能力及其培养

当前,我国正全力构建和谐医患关系。提高医师以人文关怀能力、沟通能力、执业环境适应能力和执业危机管理能力等为内容的医学人文执业能力,不仅能促进和谐医患关系建设,还能推进医学科学的发展,有助于提高医师的人文素养,切实维护医患双方权益。提高医师的医学人文执业能力须进行全面的系统教育与培养。由此提出了针对其培养的"理论课程教育—临床实习教育—执业实践终身教育"模式,并阐述该模式中的各个环节,以期为提高我国医师人文执业能力的培养提供参考。     

麻醉中的辩证思维

同其他领域相比 ,麻醉医师不仅要掌握一定水平的医学基础知识和操作技能 ,而且必须具有一定水平的逻辑思维能力 ,才能适应麻醉医学理论和实践不断发展的要求 ,所以在临床工作中注意对辩证法的学习是培养和提高麻醉医师辩证思维能力的重要途径。1　麻醉工作中主体性和客体性的交错及相互作用简单看来 ,麻醉工作中麻醉医生和患者的关系似乎是单纯的主客体关系。麻醉医生是临床认识和行动的主体 ,他在临床思维中起主导作用 ,他决定着患者麻醉手术的成败。在另一方面 ,由于患者是具有主观能动性的人 ,他又不同于自然界中的一般客体。在许多情况…     

影像学医师临床能力与科研水平辩证关系与对策

影像学医师的临床工作能力与科学研究水平的关系与人才培养及成才取向密切相关,对这两项任务的不同态度造就了三种不同类型的影像学医师,即重临床而轻科研、重科研而轻临床,临床与科研并重,认识两者之间的辩证关系对合格影像学人才的成长至关重要。     

Percepts to recollections: insights from single neuron recordings in the human brain

Transformation of experience into memories that can guide future behavior is a common ability across species. However, only humans can declare their perceptions and memories of experienced events (episodes). The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is central to episodic memory, yet the neuronal code underlying the translation from sensory information to memory remains unclear. Recordings from neurons within the brain in patients who have electrodes implanted for clinical reasons provide an opportunity to bridge physiology with cognitive theories. Recent evidence illustrates several striking response properties of MTL neurons. Responses are selective yet invariant, associated with conscious perception, can be internally generated and modulated, and spontaneously retrieved. Representation of information by these neurons is highly explicit, suggesting abstraction of information for future conscious recall.     

临床决策与疾病发展的“度”

临床决策是十分复杂的专业劳动,良好而科学的临床决策取决于众多因素,包括医师的临床经验、知识水平、医师的爱心与责任心、患者病情的复杂性、医疗水平与条件、患者及家属的条件与配合程度等等,辩证法的“度”在临床的良好应用会帮助医师准确地把握病情,给予更加适度治疗;真正的个体化临床决策必须由医师与患者及家属的密切配合才能实现。     

Does medics' social identification increase handicap for mentally retarded patients?

Briefs about mentally retarded people are more negative than briefs about other social categories; professionals, such as medical doctors evaluate them most negatively of all. It was hypothesized (a) that medics' beliefs about mentally retarded people are mediated by psychological salience of their clinical social identification, rather than by personal characteristics that medics happen to share and (b) that such beliefs will bias decisions, rather than enhance accuracy. Forty-five doctors and medical students were randomly assigned to conditions designed to enhance salience of their shared clinical social identification or individual self-perceptions. Subjects completed semantic differentials about mentally retarded people and distinguished between slides of ‘mentally retarded’ and ‘normal’ children. Beliefs of subjects in the medical condition were significantly more negative than those in the personal condition. A signal detection analysis revealed no difference between conditions in subjects' ability to distinguish between children but showed that subjects in the medical condition were significantly more likely to judge a child ‘mentally retarded’ when in doubt. Results were discussed within an information processing framework and supported the idea that a salient clinical social identity can mediate beliefs that are likely to handicap patients.     

骨科疾病诊治中的辩证观

骨科医生在复杂的临床工作中,需要掌握科学的方法论。特别是掌握科学的辩证思维方法,建立局部与整体的观念,善于抓住主要矛盾。培养起辩证逻辑思维的能力。有助于正确分析和理解骨科疾病的诊断和治疗中的各种复杂问题,提高认识水平和实践能力。     

Selective exposure in decided and undecided individuals: differential relations to automatic associations and conscious beliefs

People often show a preference for information that confirms their attitudes and beliefs, and this tendency is reduced for opinions that are not held with conviction. The present study shows that both decided and undecided individuals show a tendency to selectively expose themselves to confirmatory information, albeit with different antecedents and consequences. Whereas selective exposure in decided participants was predicted by conscious beliefs and not by automatic associations, selective exposure in undecided participants was predicted by automatic associations and not by conscious beliefs. Moreover, selective exposure led undecided participants to adopt conscious beliefs that were in line with their preexisting automatic associations. Conversely, for decided participants, selective exposure shifted automatic associations in a direction that was in line with their preexisting conscious beliefs. Implications for decision making and mutual influences of automatic associations and conscious beliefs in attitude change are discussed.     

年轻医生如何搞好临床科研

面对目前年轻医生对科研束手无策的状况,提出了科研的重要性。从科研选题要紧密结合临床实际、医学科研选题强调创新与实用的原则、医学科研需要的科研素质、培养独立从事临床科学研究的能力、充分利用优势科研资源,加强科研合作能力的培养五方面进行阐述如何进行临床科研工作,以便更好地促进临床医学事业的发展。     

知情同意权中的哥德巴赫猜想--知情权与患者认知能力之间的冲突

知情同意权作为医患关系中患者一方最基本的权利正受到患者认知能力的严重影响。这一方面是原本专业化医学正在逐步走向专门化原因造成的,但与医患关系,文化传统,知识水平等因素也有千丝万缕的联系,正确处理知情权与患者认知能力之间的关系对于衡平医患关系,维护医患双方权益有着重大的现实意义。问题既有赖于医患双方的协力;更要依靠社会各方面合作,形成合力加以解决。     

内科实习医生医患沟通经历的调查分析

实习医生在医院里扮演着特殊角色,既要作为学生在临床实践中学习医学知识,又要作为医生在患者面前从事医疗工作。因此,培养医学生医患沟通能力,引导其建立和谐的医患关系,成为临床带教老师面临的一项严峻而又刻不容缓的任务。本研究针对内科实习医生在医院沟通中的典型案例进行了调查,从而了解实习医生在医患沟通中的经历,以及他们对原因的分析、处理方法及对自身的影响,进而了解实习医生对沟通技能培训的需求。     

腰腿痛患者现病史的客观采集及其评价

腰腿痛患者的现病史采集比较困难,临床上经常引发混乱,甚至会被忽略。作者根据临床经验总结了一套相对系统和客观的分析思路。借此启发和提示临床医生临诊分析的主观能动性。作者还通过时现病史采集在医学发展史上的地位变化的回顾,提出了现代临床医学对患者症状特征进行归纳分析的重要性。     

The role of consciousness in attentional control differences in trait anxiety

Trait anxiety has long been associated with impaired selective attention to task-irrelevant threat stimuli, both when threat is presented consciously and outside of awareness. However recent research has suggested broader deficits in selective attention, with poorer ability to ignore supraliminal non-emotional information in anxiety. Here, we investigated whether anxiety could equally be associated with poorer selective attention for non-emotional stimuli in a subliminal context. Participants performed a simple arrow discrimination task, where prior incompatible or compatible response primes were presented before targets either unmasked (supraliminal) or masked (subliminal). While distractor interference was evident in both conditions, trait anxiety was associated with increased task-irrelevant processing only in the supraliminal condition; group effects were eliminated when primes were masked. Our findings are in line with traditional accounts suggesting that differences in selective attention and cognitive control solely modulate conscious distractor processing.