从抗原提呈细胞到抗原提呈小体

树突状细胞是体内专职抗原提呈细胞,在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中发挥重要作用.而exosome是树突状细胞分泌的一种膜性微囊小体,富含树突状细胞的MHC-Ⅰ/Ⅱ类分子、协同刺激分子等多种生物活性分子,亦在抗肿瘤免疫应答中发挥重要作用.从树突状细胞到exosome,是细胞性瘤苗向非细胞性瘤苗的飞跃,对免疫治疗研究产生极为深远的影响.     

评异体融合瘤苗表型抗原的共性与个性

制备融合瘤苗是当前肿瘤免疫治疗的一个热门方向。本文通过对肿瘤细胞及抗原呈递细胞表型抗原的分析,比较了异体融合瘤苗的共性和个性成分,对异体融合瘤苗的制备策略及可行性予以肯定,并对瘤苗的发展方向做出推断,同时强调了在科研工作中注重学习、结合并运用哲学原理的重要性。     

肿瘤免疫编辑理论与树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤策略的思考

利用树突状细胞瘤苗提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究热点。根据肿瘤免疫编辑理论,肿瘤免疫可分为清除、平衡和逃逸3个阶段。应用该理论阐述应用树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤的策略具有重要意义。     

肿瘤免疫编辑理论与树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤策略的思考

利用树突状细胞瘤苗提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究热点.根据肿瘤免疫编辑理论,肿瘤免疫可分为清除、平衡和逃逸3个阶段.应用该理论阐述应用树突状细胞个体化治疗肿瘤的策略具有重要意义.     

HLA-Ⅰ类分子与非小细胞肺癌的免疫治疗

通过分析HLA-Ⅰ类分子与肿瘤免疫逃逸的关系及其在非小细胞肺癌癌组织中的表达,来探讨HLA-Ⅰ类分子与与非小细胞肺癌的免疫治疗的关系。结果表明在考虑非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗方案时必须考虑癌组织HLA-Ⅰ分子表达状况,并据此选择合适的免疫治疗方案。     

HLA-Ⅰ类分子与非小细胞肺癌的免疫治疗

通过分析HLA-Ⅰ类分子与肿瘤免疫逃逸的关系及其在非小细胞肺癌癌组织中的表达,来探讨HLA-Ⅰ类分子与与非小细胞肺癌的免疫治疗的关系.结果表明在考虑非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗方案时必须考虑癌组织HLA-Ⅰ分子表达状况,并据此选择合适的免疫治疗方案.     

树突状细胞在膀胱癌治疗中的应用

树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）是目前发现最强大的抗原提呈细胞（antigen presenting cell,APC）,能有效激发T细胞应答并诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxicity Tlymphocyte,CTL）生成。膀胱肿瘤是我国泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤。国外发病率在男性泌尿生殖器肿瘤中仅次于前列腺癌,居第2位;我国膀胱癌发病率也逐年升高。利用DC疫苗接种宿主、诱导或增强宿主防御功能、提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为晚期膀胱癌免疫治疗中的研究热点。     

机体本身在肿瘤免疫治疗中的地位

机体本身在肿瘤免疫治疗中的地位湖南医科大学肿瘤研究所博士生（长沙４１００７８）胡志伟导师孙去病人体抗肿瘤的机制主要是细胞免疫而非体液免疫。因为体液免疫抗肿瘤主要是通过抗体的ＡＤＣＣ（抗体依赖性溶细胞毒作用）和ＣＤＣ（补体依赖性细胞毒作用）,其作用有限...     

细胞间粘附分子在恶性血液病中的研究进展

细胞间粘附分子（inter-cellular adhesion molecules,Ⅰ-CAMs）属于免疫球蛋白超家族粘附分子,涉及细胞-细胞粘附。它在维护正常组织的稳定、介导炎症细胞的迁移及肿瘤转移等过程中起重要的作用。目前许多研究发现在白血病、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤等恶性血液病患者中Ⅰ-CAMs高水平表达,并在血液循环中发现其可溶性分子。它们可能在恶性血液病的发生、转移、评估预后中发挥着重要的作用。     

树突状细胞在膀胱癌治疗中的应用

树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)是目前发现最强大的抗原提呈细胞(antigen presenting cell,APC),能有效激发T细胞应答并诱导特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxicityTlymphocyte,CTL)生成.膀胱肿瘤是我国泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤.国外发病率在男性泌尿生殖器肿瘤中仅次于前列腺癌,居第2位;我国膀胱癌发病率也逐年升高.利用DC疫苗接种宿主、诱导或增强宿主防御功能、提高机体免疫系统对肿瘤的特异杀伤能力,已成为晚期膀胱癌免疫治疗中的研究热点.     

胞外体认识之新进展

胞外体是由多种细胞分泌的一种膜性小囊泡,参与多种生理及病理生理过程。近年研究发现,由抗原提呈细胞分泌的胞外体富集MHCI/II类分子、协同刺激分子、热休克蛋白70~90等多种生物活性分子于一身,在体内外免疫调节中起关键作用。就胞外体的基本特征及其作为一种新型的亚细胞疫苗在抗肿瘤和抗病毒免疫中的应用前景予以综述。     

情绪应激体液免疫调节作用的影响因素

以给予经定时喂水训练大鼠空瓶刺激为情绪性心理直激源,研究了应激源给予的频率及抗原免疫前或后给予应激刺激等因素对此情绪应激体液免疫调节作用的影响：结果表明,特异性抗原OVA免疫前3次,每次30分钟的情绪应激刺激不影响大鼠的抗OVA抗体水平和脾脏指数;抗原免疫后,同样频率和持续时间的情绪应激能一定程度地降低体液免疫功能;而抗原免疫后14次,每次10分钟的情绪应激刺激则显著降低大鼠的抗OVA抗体水平和脾脏指数。该研究证实,抗原免疫后、反复多次的情绪应激刺激能显著抑制大鼠的原发性体液免疫功能。     

肿瘤抗原与肿瘤免疫

通过自身的免疫系统对肿瘤细胞进行杀灭已成为极具潜力的抗肿瘤手段。肿瘤抗原与机体对肿瘤细胞的免疫之间形成了一个此消彼长的矛盾关系,研究肿瘤研究自身的免疫学特性以及肿瘤细胞的免疫原性之间相互关系的问题已成为当前研究中的热点。一方面,可利用增强肿瘤细胞的抗原性来增强机体的免疫排斥反应;另一方面,纠正机体免疫系统的功能障碍,以增强其刺激免疫应答的能力,并辨证地分析了这两方面在肿瘤免疫排斥中的作用及相应的解决对策。     

继时呈现条件下类别归纳过程的ERPs研究

采用ERP技术对继时呈现条件下类别归纳过程进行了实验研究.使用几何图形为材料,18名被试在单维属性不告知、单维属性告知、双维属性不告知三种条件下完成类别归纳任务.通过对相关ERP成分的分析得出以下结论:(1)在继时呈现归纳材料的情况下,对刺激的加工是在已有背景基础上对后来呈现的刺激进行选择性加工,从而形成类别;(2)成年人与儿童在类别归纳中认知加工方式可能存在不同,当类别归纳的复杂程度增加时,即在需要归纳的属性从一个变为两个的时候,成年人仍然倾向于通过归纳出类别判断规则用于分类任务,而非通过相似性进行判断;(3)继时呈现材料条件下类别归纳任务中出现的P400可能是标志类别归纳过程完成的ERP成分,而且与对刺激属性加工具体过程无关.     

不同呈现方式和难度影响图文课文即时加工的研究

采用ASL—4200R型眼动仪,对28名小学五年级学生阅读图文课文的眼动过程进行考察,结果表明：(1)不同呈现方式课文的阅读成绩具有非常显著差异,图文课文化于文字课文;(2)不同呈现方式课文的注视次数、注视频率、眼跳距离和回视次数存在显著差异,图文课文显著少于或低于文字课文,而注视点持续时间则相反;(3)不同难度课文的眼动指标,文字课文只有注视次数一项眼动指标具有显著差异,而图文课文有注视频率和回视次数二项眼动指标具有显著差异。     

Presenting problems of sexually abused girls receiving psychiatric services

Twenty-three behaviors among those suggested in the literature to be associated with sexual abuse were studied in 195 girls, ages 2-18 years, who were consecutive admissions to three Midwestern mental health agencies. Results indicated that sexually inappropriate behaviors, sleep disturbance, depressed mood, and delinquent behavior occurred more frequently in young abuse victims than in clinic comparisons. Sexually inappropriate behaviors and running away appeared more often in older sexually abused girls, than they appeared in older clinic comparisons. These comparisons of the presenting problems of sexually abused and nonabused girls suggested there are few behavioral "markers" of sexual abuse in clinical samples and that sexual abuse may not be a unique contributing factor in the ontogeny of childhood psychopathology.     

Presenting concerns of emerging adults seeking treatment at an early intervention outpatient mood and anxiety program

This study examined presenting concerns and characteristics of emerging adults (EAs) seeking treatment at an early intervention program for mood and anxiety disorders to better understand presenting concerns when treatment is needed. During an intake assessment conducted by a social worker or clinical psychologist, participants (N = 548; 62% female, 38% male) reported their top three current life concerns, which were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing demographic information, symptomatology, and daily functioning. Females presented with significantly higher levels of anxiety, and both females and younger individuals (age 16–18) presented with significantly higher levels of depression compared to males and older individuals (age 19–26), respectively. The two most commonly reported presenting concerns were problems in interpersonal relationships and academics, and females were more likely to report academic concerns than males. The majority of participants reported seeking help for a wide range of problems commonly faced by EAs (83.7%), and participants rarely expressed concerns about particular symptoms of mood and/or anxiety disorders (16.3%). EAs and those supporting EAs may benefit from learning when psychosocial concerns are indicative of mental health challenges warranting professional attention.     

Treating Multidimensional Presenting Problems with a Mutually Integrative Approach Using the Genogram

The present article introduces a case study and describes a mutually integrative approach to treating a complex presenting problem. This article examines the specific issues surrounding integration when a supervisor and supervisee hold different theoretical perspectives. On occasion, such a relationship demands that the supervisee adhere to the model being taught by the supervisor. Examining integration in this format presents many advantages for both treatment and training. The key to the mutual integration is that two schools of psychotherapy can be combined in a way that creates a synergy; in that, together they are more powerful than either may be in isolation. A genogram with symbols from each model is incorporated to focus the treatment and create a format for the mutual integration.     

Presenting two color words on a single Stroop trial: evidence for joint influence,not capture

MacLeod and Hodder (1998) demonstrated that presenting two different incongruent color words in the same color on a single Stroop trial resulted in no more interference than did presenting the same incongruent color word twice, and concluded that the first word captured attention, blocking out the second. They also showed that, within a trial, neither stimulus onset asynchrony between the two items nor the presence/absence of a visible gap between the two items had any effect. We replicated all of their empirical findings. Then, by extending their design and factorially combining three types of items--incongruent words, congruent words, and control nonwords--within a trial, we demonstrated that both items within a trial do influence processing, with the contribution of the second greater than that of the first. These results are incompatible with a capture account and suggest instead that the word dimension continues to be monitored during the attempt to identify and produce the name of the color.