Screenplays and Screenwriting as an Innovative Teaching Tool in Medical Ethics Education

Journal of Medical Humanities - Innovation in ethics pedagogy has continued to evolve and incorporate other forms of storytelling aimed at improving student engagement and learning. The use of...     

Using and Developing Role Plays in Teaching Aimed at Preparing for Social Responsibility

In this paper, we discuss the use of role plays in ethics education for engineering students. After presenting a rough taxonomy of different objectives, we illustrate how role plays can be used to broaden students’ perspectives. We do this on the basis of our experiences with a newly developed role play about a Dutch political controversy concerning pig transport. The role play is special in that the discussion is about setting up an institutional framework for responsible action that goes beyond individual action. In that sense, the role play serves a double purpose. It not only aims at teaching students to become aware of the different dimensions in decision making, it also encourages students to think about what such an institutional framework for responsible action might possibly look like.     

Mathematics and Symbolic Logics: Some Notes on an Uneasy Relationship

Symbolic logics tend to be too mathematical for the philosophers and too philosophical for the mathematicians; and their history is too historical for most mathematicians, philosophers and logicians. This paper reflects upon these professional demarcations as they have developed during the century.     

起始音素的特点对命名反应时记录的影响

通过对344个汉语单字词26名被试的平均命名反应时分析发现,起始音素不同的词的命名反应时之间存在差异,而且此差异在排除字频、获得年龄(Age of acquisition)、规则性、一致性、可表象性、笔画数、书面学习年龄、声旁成字频率等因素作用后仍然存在。起始音素为元音和浊辅音的字词比清辅音的字词反应时短,清辅音当中塞擦音反应时最长。讨论了这种差异的可能原因,并对字词命名实验提出了相关建议。     

Some Notes on Truths and Comprehension

In this paper we study several translations that map models and formulae of the language of second-order arithmetic to models and formulae of the language of truth. These translations are useful because they allow us to exploit results from the extensive literature on arithmetic to study the notion of truth. Our purpose is to present these connections in a systematic way, generalize some well-known results in this area, and to provide a number of new results. Sections 3 and 4 contain some recursion- and proof-theoretic results about Kripke-style fixed-point theories of truth. Section 5 shows how to derive full second-order arithmetic from principles of truth. Section 6 investigates the proof-theoretic strength of disquotation without an arithmetical base theory.     

Personal homepage construction as an expression of social development

In 2 studies, the authors explored preadolescent and adolescent use of personal homepages in relation to mastery and identity formation. In Study 1, the authors attempted to determine the prevalence of personal homepage and online journal (blog) construction among a random sample (N=500) of preadolescents and adolescents. Adolescents were more likely to create personal homepages or blogs than preadolescents. Creation was related to feelings of mastery, expressions of identity, and a means to socialize. In Study 2, the authors explored the relationship of homepages to mastery and identity formation by content analysis of a random sample of homepages. Results suggest children use personal homepages to express and explore their forming identities.     

50例晚期肿瘤患者对病情告知需求分析

研究在晚期肿瘤患者及其家属中影响病情告知的相关因素,及病情告知对晚期肿瘤患者的影响和患者及其家属的需求,探讨病情告知在宁养服务中的作用。对50例晚期肿瘤患者及50例晚期肿瘤患者家属分别进行问卷调查,内容包括被问卷者的一般资料、情绪状态及需求。得知病情的患者多数对于生命是积极的、乐观的,少数处于消极状态中,而多数不知道病情的患者因对自身情况的猜疑导致情绪障碍,患者的需求因自身情况的差异而不同,年龄、教育程度及宗教等因素对患者病情告知的需求有不同程度的影响。病情告知在宁养服务中起重要作用,有利于患者生活质量的提高,但仍要根据个体特点并掌握一定技巧。     

Some Preliminary Notes on the Objectivity of Mathematics

Topoi - I respond to a challenge by Dieterle (Philos Math 18:311–328, 2010) that requires mathematical social constructivists to complete two tasks: (i) counter the myth that socially...     

The Body Grid as an Assessment Tool for Body Image

The aim of this study was to analyze the body grid (BG) as an assessment tool for body image in a sample of patients with breast cancer, after surgery. We explored two measures of cognitive structure, percentage of variance accounted for by the first factor (PVAFF) and polarization, and we compared measures of body image and body self-esteem obtained by means of the BG with those obtained via a validated body image questionnaire. Our sample was composed of 23 patients (12 subjected to radical mastectomy, 11 subjected to conserving surgery) and 24 healthy controls. Participants were administered the BG and the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). We analyzed the similarities between instruments using correlations and nonparametric tests. We have also provided two case studies to exemplify the use of the BG.

?We found statistical differences in cognitive structure between patients and healthy controls. There were no differences between women subjected to mastectomy and women with breast conserving surgery in the level of PVAFF, but there were significant differences between them in the level of polarization. We found significant correlations between body image indices of both instruments, especially self-evaluated attractiveness (MBSRQ) and distance between real and ideal body (BG). We found similar distributions of these indices in all of the samples. We concluded that the BG provides useful information about body image. The results show that both instruments assess similar constructs. This suggests that the BG is a valid instrument for body image assessment.     

在事实与规范之间——关于CCE的几点思考

朗基诺的"批判的情境经验主义"(CCE)是介于科学的社会研究(SSS)与科学的哲学研究的第三条道路。首先,理性—社会二分法对SSS是不公平的,它来自科学哲学。该二分法以及规范认识论观念很大程度上起源于康德对事实问题与权利问题的区分。规范认识论的研究对象是科学理念,而SSS的对象则是科学实践。情境经验主义与SSS具有高度的相似性,而朗吉诺试图通过"批判"来规避后者的相对主义。但是,SSS并非知识相对主义,它将科学理解为"某处之见",规范性是不必要的。     

Some Notes on the Census of Religious Bodies, 1926

In line with previous results that challenge the traditional primacy of warmth over competence in outgroup perception, we propose to bridge elements from stereotype content model and social identity theory: Perceivers will use the competence and warmth dimensions differentially when interpreting higher or lower status outgroup members' behavior. We test the hypothesis that the dimension that is less favorable for the outgroup and more favorable for the ingroup will be used. In particular, we investigate whether the warmth dimension would better predict the interpretation of higher status outgroup members' behavior than the competence dimension, whereas the competence dimension would better predict the interpretation of lower status outgroup members' behavior than the warmth dimension. Two studies separately test these effects. Results suggest the existence of a motivated bias in interpreting outgroup members' behavior, especially when there is ingroup identification.     

Some Notes on the Use of Family Sculpture in Therapy

Therapists learning to use family sculpture as a tool often find difficulty in exploiting the technique to its fullest. This article, designed to encourage therapists to take the risks involved in using a technique new to them, describes how the author and his cotherapists used sculpture in three cases in different ways. In each case, the author explains how the therapists made the choices involved in directing the therapeutic process. He suggests that even when a sculpture itself seems to have failed to produce useful information, it can elicit from clients signals that will indicate opportunities for effective use of other techniques and that a sculpture, once used, can be restaged to reinforce client behavior change.