大学生自我概念、父母教养方式及其关系的研究

目的:探讨父母教养方式与大学生自我概念的关系。方法:采用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和田纳西自我概念量表(TSCS)对281大学生进行测评。结果:(1)大学生自我概念(除自我批评之外)与父母的情感温暖呈显著的正相关,与父亲的拒绝否认、过度保护,母亲的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉呈极显著的负相关;(2)不同自我概念水平大学生的父母教养方式存在显著差异;(3)母亲的情感温暖对大学生的自我概念形成有显著的积极影响,父亲的拒绝否认和过度保护对大学生的自我概念有显著的消极影响。结论:父母教养方式与大学生自我概念的发展密切相关。     

父母教养方式对大学生心理健康的影响

目的探讨父母教养方式对大学生心理健康的影响。方法采用EMBU和SCL-90对某高校部分大学生进行测量,对测量结果进行统计分析。结果父母情感温暖、理解与SCL-90各因子呈负相关;父亲拒绝否认和过渡保护及母亲过分干涉与SCL-90各因子呈正相关。父母对男大学生惩罚、严厉,过分于涉,拒绝否认,过度保护得分显著高于女生（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;结论父母对大学生的养育方式存在性别差异;父母教养方式对大学生心理健康状况有较好的预测作用;父母积极的教养方式能够提高大学生的心理健康水平,消极的教养方式容易使大学生产生心理问题。     

城乡青少年父母教育方式的比较研究

采用分层抽样法,从省会城市、县城和农村三种社经层面上共抽取初中一、二、三年级在校学生895人,男女大致各半.对被试施以父母教育方式量表,以省城和县城被试为城市样本,对城乡父母教育方式进行比较.结果发现:1.在城乡两种文化背景中,父母双方对子女的教育方式均具有较高的一致性.2.父母教育方式存在城乡差异,与农村青少年的父亲相比,城市青少年的父亲对子女有更多的情感温暖与理解,但同时,其对子女的惩罚与严厉、过分干涉和拒绝否认也多于前者;与农村青少年的母亲相比,城市青少年的母亲对子女干涉和保护、拒绝否认、惩罚严厉等更多,但在情感温暖与理解方面不存在差异.3.不管是城市还是农村,父母对男孩和女孩的教育方式都存在差异,但在两种文化背景中这种差异表现出不同的模式.     

大学生自尊与父母教养方式的相关研究

目的:通过问卷调查了解当代大学生的自尊水平及其父母教养方式,并分析两者之间的关系,为父母教育子女提供有效建议。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,运用自尊量表(SES)和父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对长江大学320名大学生进行调查。结果:1.大学生自尊与情感温暖方式呈显著正相关,与惩罚严厉、过分干涉保护、拒绝否认呈显著负相关,与偏爱被试无显著相关;2.高自尊大学生与低自尊大学生在父亲和母亲的情感温暖、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认上存在显著差异,在父亲的过度保护方面存在显著差异;3.父母教养方式受城乡环境等因素影响。结论:父母应当采取积极的教养方式教育孩子,塑造孩子的自尊。     

父母养育方式与大学生心理适应能力的相关研究

为了探明父母养育方式与大学生心理适应能力之间存在的关系,本研究采用父母养方式自评问卷（EMBU）和大学生心理适应能力量表对江西师大500名大一、大二学生进行施测。结果表明：心理适应能力强与心理适应能力一般的人在父母情感温暖、惩罚严厉、拒绝否认,母亲的过度保护母子上存在显的差异。说明父母的养育方式对子女的心理适应能力有巨大影响,这一研究结果为父母应采取何种教养方式提供了科学依据,具有较强的参考价值。     

蒙汉族大学生父母教养方式、成人依恋与心理困扰的关系研究

通过整群抽样方法抽取了576名大学生,对其施测父母养育方式量表、亲密关系体验量表和心理困扰量表,运用结构方程模型技术,分别考察了父母养育方式的蒙汉族差异以及成人依恋模式在父母养育方式和心理困扰间的中介作用。结果表明:(1) 蒙古族父母对孩子的关爱程度和给孩子的自主性要显著高于汉族;(2) 汉族的成人依恋模式在父母过度保护与抑郁-焦虑-压力之间起着部分中介作用,而蒙古族成人依恋的中介作用不明显,但母亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会导致个体依恋回避和依恋焦虑,父亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会影响个体的抑郁和焦虑,母亲的过度保护和父亲的冷漠拒绝会影响个体的压力。     

父母养育方式对大学生主观幸福感的影响机制

采用父母养育方式问卷、自尊量表、自我效能感量表、人际信任量表、领悟社会支持量表、整体情感与幸福指数量表对765名大学生施测,考察父母养育方式对大学生主观幸福感的影响及其机制.结果表明:(1)与父亲关爱相比,大学生感知到更多的母亲关爱;与女生相比,男生感知到更多的父母过度保护;(2)父、母养育方式与自尊、自我效能感、人际信任、社会支持感知、主观幸福感显著相关;(3)母亲关爱对自尊、自我效能感的影响显著大于父亲关爱的影响,而父、母养育方式对人际信任、社会支持感知、主观幸福感的影响没有显著差异;(4)与自我效能感、人际信任相比,自尊、社会支持感知是影响主观幸福感的主要因素;(5)自尊、社会支持感知是父、母养育方式影响主观幸福感的中介.     

父母教养方式对初中生创造思维的影响:自我概念的中介作用*

采用父母教养方式评价量表、田纳西自我概念量表和托兰斯创造性思维测验(中文版),测量了429名初中生的父母教养方式、自我概念与创造思维,并对其关系进行考察。结果发现:(1)父亲温暖、理解显著正向预测初中生的创造思维,父亲惩罚、严厉显著负向预测初中生的创造思维,母亲教养方式与之呈现出相似的预测模式;(2)自我概念在父亲惩罚、严厉与独创性间起中介作用;(3)在自我概念的三个维度中,只有自我认同在父母温暖、理解/父母惩罚、严厉与创造思维间起中介作用。作者着重探讨了父母惩罚、严厉,自我概念与创造思维的关系以及对父母教养子女的启示。     

父母教养方式与内隐攻击性的关系研究

采用父母养育方式量表和内隐联想测验,分别测量53名初二学生的父母教养方式和内隐攻击性。研究结果表明,在父母教养方式上,男生和女生在父亲情感温暖、惩罚严厉和母亲干涉保护、惩罚严厉4个因子上差异显著;在内隐攻击性测验上,男生和女生没有显著差异。相关分析结果表明,内隐攻击性与父亲的惩罚严厉、过分干涉和母亲的惩罚严厉等3个因子有显著正相关。     

父母教养方式对创造性倾向的影响——人格的中介作用

采用父母教养方式评价量表、大五人格量表和威廉姆斯创造性倾向测验,测量了311名初高中生及大学生的父母教养方式、人格与创造性,并对其关系进行考察。结果发现:(1)父母温暖、理解与其子女创造性倾向显著正相关,父亲过分干涉和母亲拒绝否认与其子女创造性倾向显著正相关;(2)开放性和外倾性人格在父母教养方式与创造性倾向之间起中介作用。研究探讨了教养方式、人格与创造性之间的关系以及对父母养育子女的启示。     

Parenting styles and career decision-making among French and Korean adolescents

This study compared the relationship of parenting styles to the career decision-making of adolescents from a Western and an Eastern context. Specifically, 575 French high school students and 613 South Korean high school students completed a questionnaire assessing perceived parenting style, career decision-making difficulties, and career decision self-efficacy. The Korean adolescents had lower career decision self-efficacy beliefs and higher career decision-making difficulties than the French adolescents. The authoritarian parenting style was associated with higher scores on career decision self-efficacy and lower scores on a measure of career decision-making difficulties in the Korean sample while the authoritative parenting style was associated with higher scores on career decision self-efficacy and lower scores on a measure of career decision-making difficulties in the French sample. Results showed significant effects for gender and parenting style on the career decision-making outcomes of both samples.     

Adult generativity and the socialization of adolescents: relations to mothers' and fathers' parenting beliefs, styles, and practices

Mothers, fathers, and their adolescent children participated in two studies investigating the relations between Erikson's concept of generativityin adulthood and patterns of parenting. Study 1 involved 77 mothers and 48 fathers of 1st-year university students; Study 2 was part of an investigation of socialization processes in 35 families with an adolescent, aged 14-18. Parental generative concern was assessed by the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) of McAdams and de St. Aubin (1992) in each study. In both studies, mothers demonstrated positive relations between scores on the LGS and an authoritative style of parenting, as well as between generativity and more positive, optimistic views of adolescent development. In Study 2, these more positive views in turn mediated some aspects of autonomy-fostering practices used with the adolescent. Variations in fathers' levels of generative concern were less consistently related to these indices of parenting, however.     

Relationship of Connected and Separate Knowing to Parental Style and Birth Order

A total of 249 primarily middle-class, Caucasian college students (141 females, 108 males) completed the Knowing Styles Inventory (KSI) (Knight, Elfenbein, & Messina, 1995) to measure Connected and Separate Knowing and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) (Buri, 1991), used to measure different parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting). Authoritative parenting style of the mother was positively associated with Connected Knowing, while authoritative parenting style of the father was negatively related to Separate Knowing for both the female and male participants of the study. For the female participants only, permissive parenting style of the father was positively related to Separate Knowing. It was also found that first-born college students scored significantly higher on Separate Knowing than later-born students. The results suggest that family experiences may be precursors to the epistemologies of college students.     

中学生自我隐瞒倾向:因素结构与发展特点

本研究旨在探讨自我隐瞒量表在中学生样本中的适用性 ,以及中学生自我隐瞒倾向的特点。一个由 51 3名中学生组成的样本接受了自我隐瞒量表和中学生应付方式量表的测试。结果发现中文版自我隐瞒量表具有较好结构效度和较好的效标效度以及较好的信度 ,因此中文版自我隐瞒量表可在今后的有关研究中使用。研究还发现男生的自我隐瞒倾向同女生相比相对较高 ,而且无论男生和女生 ,中学生的自我隐瞒倾向显著地高于大学生。这些结果可能表明 ,处于心理“断乳期”的中学生的心理具有一定闭锁性 ,而男生的自我隐瞒倾向高于女生 ,则可能表明自我隐瞒跟男生的独立性较强有关     

Relations of Parenting Styles and Friendship Quality to Self-Esteem,Life Satisfaction and Happiness in Adolescents

This study aims to examine the effects of mother’s and father’s perceived parenting style and friendship quality on several indicators of adolescents’ well-being. High school students (n?=?401) completed scales assessing their perception of their mother’s and father’s parenting style (authoritarian, authoritative and permissive), quality of friendship, self-esteem, general satisfaction with life and subjective happiness. The results showed that the perceived parenting style of both parents as well as the quality of friendship had significant effects on adolescent’s well-being, while the interaction effects of friendship quality and either parent’s parenting style were not significant. Adolescents of authoritative and permissive mothers reported higher self-esteem and life satisfaction than adolescents who had authoritarian mothers. Also, adolescents who considered their mothers authoritative were happier than those with authoritarian mothers. Adolescents who perceived their fathers as authoritative or permissive showed higher results on all assessed indicators of well-being than adolescents whose fathers were authoritarian. Furthermore, adolescents with a higher quality of friendship reported more happiness, life-satisfaction and self-esteem. The obtained results highlight the importance of the role of parents and peers in fostering positive development in adolescence.     

认知方式、视错觉及其关系的跨文化研究

运用测验法研究了藏、回、汉族小学三年级、五年级、初二、高二共1032名儿童认知方式的特点,考察了不同认知方式与视错觉之间的关系。结果表明:1)认知方式的民族、居住环境和年龄差异显著,藏族儿童、居住在草原上的儿童、低年级儿童倾向于场依存性,汉族和回族儿童、生活在城市和山村的儿童、高年级儿童倾向于场独立性;2)视错觉的文化差异显著,居住环境和年龄是影响视错觉的重要变量;3)认知方式对视错觉有影响,场独立性者错觉量小,场依存性者错觉量大。     

初中生精神信仰现状研究

用问卷法对431名初中生的精神信仰状况进行调查,发现初中生的精神信仰特点如下:(1)总体状况表现为社会信仰最强、实用信仰次之、超自然信仰最弱。在7个信仰维度上的信仰程度由强到弱依次为国家民族、政治信仰、家庭主义、生命崇拜、宗教信仰、金钱物质、神灵崇拜;(2)男生比女生更看重政治信仰和金钱物质,女生比男生具有更高的宗教信仰;(3)初三年级学生的金钱物质和生命崇拜的信仰程度最高,初二年级次之,初一年级最弱;(4)非学生干部比学生干部具有更强的金钱物质信仰;(5)团员的政治信仰程度高于非团员;(6)学习成绩为上等的学生对国家民族的信仰程度高于学习成绩为中等和下等的学生,学习成绩为下等的学生对金钱物质的信仰程度高于学习成绩为上等和中等的学生。     

A Confidant Support and Problem Solving Model of Divorced Fathers’ Parenting

This study tested a hypothesized social interaction learning (SIL) model of confidant support and paternal parenting. The latent growth curve analysis employed 230 recently divorced fathers, of which 177 enrolled support confidants, to test confidant support as a predictor of problem solving outcomes and problem solving outcomes as predictors of change in fathers’ parenting. Fathers’ parenting was hypothesized to predict growth in child behavior. Observational measures of support behaviors and problem solving outcomes were obtained from structured discussions of personal and parenting issues faced by the fathers. Findings replicated and extended prior cross‐sectional studies with divorced mothers and their confidants. Confidant support predicted better problem solving outcomes, problem solving predicted more effective parenting, and parenting in turn predicted growth in children's reduced total problem behavior T scores over 18 months. Supporting a homophily perspective, fathers’ antisociality was associated with confidant antisociality but only fathers’ antisociality influenced the support process model. Intervention implications are discussed regarding SIL parent training and social support.     

中职生家长投入与子女学业投入的关系：教养风格的调节作用

中职生的家庭资源是影响其学业发展的重要因素。本研究调查了国内8个省市1185名中职生和高中生,探讨了中职生家长投入的现状特点及其与教养风格、学业投入的关系。结果发现：中职生家长投入水平显著低于高中生家长;家长教养风格（自主支持/控制）调节了家长投入对中职生学业投入的预测作用。在自主支持的教养风格条件下,家长的在家辅导、参与决策能显著预测学生学业投入的水平,而在控制的教养风格条件下则不成立。     

Screening of personality disorders among chinese college students by Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+

Four thousand eight hundred and eleven students were sampled from 26 universities in 21 cities of China and evaluated using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+(PDQ-4+). Results showed that male students obtained significantly higher scores than female students on paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial, narcissistic, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower scores on the borderline scale. Students from rural areas scored higher than those from urban areas on the schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower on the paranoid and dependent scales. Singleton students obtained significantly higher scores than nonsingletons on paranoid, antisocial and dependent scales, and lower on schizoid, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, depressive scales. Students from single-parent families scored significantly higher on the schizotypal scales; and students from foster families scored significantly higher on the antisocial, passive-aggressive, and depressive scales. Students from poor families scored significantly higher than those from average or wealthy families on schizoid, schizotyal, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorders. The results suggest that low family income, low social status, and parental style contribute to the development of personality disorders.