Relations Between Emotion Regulation, Parenting, and Psychopathology in Young Maltreated Children in Out of Home Care

Young maltreated children, birth to three years, represent the age group with the highest rates of maltreatment in the United States (ACYF 2007). There are few studies to date that have investigated early childhood maltreatment and its effects on emotion regulatory processes and psychopathology. In response, the current investigation uses a dyadic assessment procedure to examine the relationship between parenting, emotion regulation, and symptoms of psychopathology among maltreating and non-maltreating parent–child interactions. The participants in this study were 123 children (66 maltreated and 57 nonmaltreated) from ages 1–3. Child and parent affect and child effortful control were observed during a parent–child interaction task. Symptoms of psychopathology were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist. The maltreated children exhibited more anger, more internalizing symptomatology, and less positive affect compared to non-maltreated children. Among maltreated children, emotion dysregulation was associated with internalizing symptomatology. Moreover, these data reveal parental positive affect was associated with lower child internalizing symptomatology and parental anger was associated with higher child internalizing symptomatology in the entire sample. This investigation offers evidence that emotion dysregulation subsequent to poor dyadic interactions is associated with early child maltreatment. These data suggest that maltreated children experience difficulties in emotion regulation which may be related to their higher levels of behavioral symptomatology.     

中国古代心理学思想中的知情问题

当今心理学有关知和情的概念众说纷纭,莫衷一是。鉴于行文的方便,这里先给知和情作如下界定：“知”的外延包括人类的认识过程、智力水平、知识积累和才能技艺等;“情”的内容包括情感、兴趣、意志、性格,甚至包含道德品质等。两者都是广义的概念。实质上,现在国内外心理学界特别是认知学派均持此种看法。在许多学校的道德教育和课堂教学过程中,对于知情这一对范畴的关系远未处理好：有的是重知轻情,有的是重情轻知,更有甚者把两者对立起来。我国古代许多思想家在其著作和言论中常涉及对知情关系特别是知情统一关系的看法。现拟对此种思想做一个简单的介绍,以期对当前的道德教育与课堂教学工作有所启发。     

自我复杂性与情绪关系的研究

不同人的自我概念内容不同,可表现为自我复杂性(Self-complexity)的差异。James、Gergen、Markus和Nurius等都将自我看作一种多层面结构。类似的。Linville认为自我复杂性是“代表各种各样认知结构的自我方面的集合”。复杂性越高。自我描述的内容越多。     

Relationships Between Parent and Child Emotion Regulation Strategy Use: A Brief Report

We examined the direct relationships between parent and child emotion regulation (ER) strategy use during the transitionary and understudied developmental periods of middle childhood through to adolescence. Three hundred and seventy-nine participants aged between 9 and 19 years, completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. In addition, 358 of their mothers and 207 of their fathers completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Providing partial support for the hypothesis, maternal use of the ER Expressive Suppression strategy was significantly predictive of their child’s use of Suppression. However, paternal ER strategy use was unrelated to their child’s ER strategy use. Child age did not moderate the relationships investigated. These findings suggest that children’s ER during middle childhood and adolescence is more closely related to the ER of their mother than their father. It is proposed that this may be accounted for by emotion socialization processes.     

从"知-情"相互作用看情绪与心境的区别

在普通心理学书籍中 ,谈到情绪与心境的区别 ,往往仅限于概念的范畴 ,很少从它们与认知的相互作用和影响上进一步探讨二者的差异。其实 ,在所传递的信息内容上、在对归因的限制程度上、在对注意的影响方式上、以及对态度的改变作用上 ,情绪与心境都有着明显的区别。1　信息的确定效应　　情绪与心境对人的心理影响 ,通常取决于其所伴随的主观体验 ,而其中的有效变量又取决于主观体验中所传递的信息。从信息的角度来看 ,情绪与心境有着明显的区别。情绪的产生通常由具体刺激物所导致 ,因而其体验中有明确的反映客体 ,并且在意识上是清晰的、…     

The Association Between Observed Parental Emotion Socialization and Adolescent Self-Medication

The current study examined the moderating influence of observed parental emotion socialization (PES) on self-medication in adolescents. Strengths of the study include the use of a newly developed observational coding system further extending the study of PES to adolescence, the use of an experience sampling method to assess the daily covariation between negative affect and substance use, and a focus on PES styles defined by the interaction of emotion-dismissing and emotion-coaching behaviors. Using multi-leveling modeling, we tested PES as a moderator of daily negative mood-substance use relation in a sample of 65 elevated-risk adolescents (48% male, 58% Caucasian, with a median age of 14). Results showed a three-way interaction between emotion-coaching PES, emotion-dismissing PES and daily negative mood in predicting daily substance use. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of PES styles and their effects on self-medication through compromised emotion regulation and interpersonal processes.

Varieties of Anger: The Relation Between Emotion Terms and Components of Anger Expressions

Component theory (C. Smith & H. Scott, 1997) predicts that presence of component movements (action units) alters the decoded meaning of a basic emotional expression. We tested whether the meaning of the basic expression of anger varied when different components were present in the expression. Participants were asked to label variants of anger from Ekman and Friesen's Pictures of Facial Affect using 15 anger terms, and invariance of labeling was tested by manipulating the judgment task. Data were analyzed using consensus analysis, multidimensional scaling, and numerical scaling. Components did not result in consensus about fine distinctions in the meanings of the anger expressions. Varying the type of task strongly affected results. We believe this occurred because language elicits different categorization processes than evaluation of facial expressions nonverbally.     

认知科学对人格与情绪关系的研究

情绪是人的心理活动的重要组成部分,人们所体验的情绪以及处理情绪事件的方式,构成了其人格的一个重要部分。今天,情绪的研究已经成为人格心理学关注的核心领域,而人格与情绪的关系的研究则是其中一个重要的领域。     

父亲忽视与青少年自我同一性的关系:情绪调节的中介效应

采用父亲忽视量表、情绪调节量表和自我同一性量表,对521名青少年进行调查,以情绪调节为中介,研究父亲忽视对青少年自我同一性的影响机制。结果表明:情感距离和认知重评对高中生同一性有较强的预测力,认知重评在情感距离与同一性之间存在部分中介作用,认知重评在父亲参与与同一性之间存在部分中介作用。     

Laboring and Hanging Out in the Embodied In‐Between

In this essay I describe how my involvement in the political struggles of an immigrant domestic workers' collective inspired me to hang out not only with the workers, but also with the writings of María Lugones and Hannah Arendt. The essay invites the reader to engage in a playful rereading of Arendt's notion of the worldlessness of laboring in the private realm by putting her into dialogue with Lugones's notion of the hangout that defies the public–private split Arendt adamantly insists on in all her writings. By following the complex physical, mental, and emotional itineraries of immigrant domestic workers to, from, and in‐between a number of places and spaces, I demonstrate how their stories blur the line between public and private, and therefore also between the unfreedom of the body and the presumed escape into the political public. I describe the women's experiences as the living promise of a world that allows for an embodied fluid movement between labor, work, and the freedom “inherent in action” (Arendt 193, 153).     

留守青少年父亲在位与心理弹性的关系:情绪调节的中介作用

采用中学生父亲在位问卷、心理弹性问卷和情绪调节问卷,以情绪调节为中介,通过301名留守青少年的数据研究父亲在位对心理弹性的影响机制。结果显示:父亲在位和认知重评策略对心理弹性有预测作用;认知重评策略在父亲在位和心理弹性之间起到部分中介作用。结果表明父亲在位通过认知重评对留守青少年的心理弹性起到保护性作用。     

The Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Style and Emotion Regulation Abilities in Adulthood

Emotion regulation abilities are very important for psychological and social wellbeing during the whole course of life. By contrast, emotion dysregulation is a significant risk factor for several psychological disorders. According to developmental research, an optimal parenting style, described as warmth and affectionate, promotes the development of an adequate emotion regulation in children and adolescents. However, little research has examined the relationship between parenting style and emotion regulation in adulthood. In the present study, we tested the relationship between perceived experiences with parents, in terms of parental care and parental overprotection, during childhood, and emotion regulation abilities in a sample of adults. One hundred participants completed the Parental Bonding Instruments, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that perceived parental care was more related to emotion regulation abilities than perceived parental overprotection. In particular, perceived paternal care was strictly linked to several difficulties in emotion regulation. By contrast, perceived maternal care was negatively associated with the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and a specific emotion dysregulation dimension, that is lack of emotional awareness. In summary, perceived parental care seemed to have a key role to protect individuals from emotion dysregulation. These results demonstrate that parenting styles still exert their influence on emotion regulation abilities also in adulthood. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.