共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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文章标记效应的初步实验研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
探讨文章阅读过程中文章宏观标记与微观标记对文章不同类型信息保持的影响.包括两个实验。结果表明,文章宏观标记对文章主题信息的保持有显著的促进效应,而且,这种促进效应可以扩散到从属信息的保持上;文章微观标记对文章主题信息的保持无明显的促进效应,对被标记的文章具体信息的保持则有显著的促进效应。但不存在扩散效应。本研究结果初步表明,读者利用文章宏观标记建构文章主题的表征,并且以一种自上而下的方式指导文章信息的回忆;通过利用文章微观标记建构文章具体信息的表征,指导具体信息的回忆。 相似文献
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探讨正常与快速阅读条件下文章宏观标记对文章主题通达和文章信息保持的影响。实验以高中二年级学生为被试。结果表明,在文章主题通达上,有文章宏观标记时,正常阅读与快速阅读之间无显著差异;无文章宏观标记时,正常阅读显著优于快速阅读;在文章信息的保持量上,文章宏观标记对正常阅读和快速阅读都有显著的促进作用。据此,我们可以初步得出快速阅读过程是读者利用文章结构信息建构文章结构表征并进行结构搜索加工的过程的结论。 相似文献
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文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平影响的实验研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
本研究探讨文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平的影响,实验发现:(1)在文章结构分析中渗透精加工组织策略训练有助于提高学生阅读理解能力,差生进步更大;(2)训练总体上能提高学生对文章结构的敏感性和对文章信息的保持与回忆;(3)初一学生阅读水平的差异未反映到其对文章结构的敏感性和文章信息的回忆保持上。 相似文献
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文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究探讨文章结构分析训练对阅读理解水平的影响,实验发现;(1)在文章结构分析中渗透精加工组织策略训练有助于提高学生阅读理解能力,差生进步更大;(2)训练总体上能提高学生对文章结构的敏感性和对文章信息的保持与回忆;(3)初一阅读水平的差异未反映到其对文章敏感性和文章结构和生和文章信息的回忆保持上。 相似文献
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《The British journal of educational psychology》2005,75(2):189-201
Background. Previous research suggests that children with specific comprehension difficulties have problems with the generation of inferences. This raises important questions as to whether poor comprehenders have poor comprehension skills generally, or whether their problems are confined to specific inference types. Aims. The main aims of the study were (a) using two commonly used tests of reading comprehension to classify the questions requiring the generation of inferences, and (b) to investigate the relative performance of skilled and less‐skilled comprehenders on questions tapping different inference types. Sample. The performance of 10 poor comprehenders (mean age 110.06 months) was compared with the performance of 10 normal readers (mean age 112.78 months) on two tests of reading comprehension. Method. A qualitative analysis of the NARA II (form 1) and the WORD comprehension subtest was carried out. Participants were then administered the NARA II, WORD comprehension subtest and a test of non‐word reading. Results. The NARA II was heavily reliant on the generation of knowledge‐based inferences, while the WORD comprehension subtest was biased towards the retention of literal information. Children identified by the NARA II as having comprehension difficulties performed in the normal range on the WORD comprehension subtests. Further, children with comprehension difficulties performed poorly on questions requiring the generation of knowledge‐based and elaborative inferences. However, they were able to answer questions requiring attention to literal information or use of cohesive devices at a level comparable to normal readers. Conclusions. Different reading tests tap different types of inferencing skills. Less‐skilled comprehenders have particular difficulty applying real‐world knowledge to a text during reading, and this has implications for the formulation of effective intervention strategies. 相似文献
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A previous study by Pollatsek et al. ( 1993 ) claims that the perceptual span in reading is restricted to the fixated line, i.e. readers typically focus their visual attention on the line of text being read. The present study investigated whether readers make use of content structure signals (paragraph indentations and topic headings) present several lines away from the currently fixated line. We reasoned that as these signals are low-resolution visual objects (as opposed to letter and word identity), readers may attend to them even if they are located some distance away from the fixated line. Participants read a hierarchically organized multi-topic expository text containing structure signals in either a normal condition or a window condition, where the text disappeared above and below a vertical 3° gaze-contingent region. After reading, participants were asked to produce a written recall of the text. The results showed that the overall reading rate was not affected by the window. Nevertheless, the headings were reread more in the normal condition than in the window one. In addition, more topics were recalled in the normal than in the window condition. We interpret the results as indicating that the readers visually attend to useful text layout features while considering bigger units than single text lines. The perception of topic headings located away from the fixated line may favour long-range regressions towards them, which in turn may favour text comprehension. This claim is consistent with previous studies that showed that look-back fixations to headings are performed with an integrative intent. 相似文献
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Thomas G. Cocklin Nicklas J. Ward Hsuan-Chih Chen James F. Juola 《Memory & cognition》1984,12(5):431-442
Experiment 1 compared paragraph comprehension for texts shown either as normal pages on a computer terminal screen or as rapid serial visual presentations (RSVPs) of small text segments to a common location. Over several days of practice, reading comprehension was equivalent in the normal presentation mode and the RSVP format. When successive RSVP segments contained some information in common, to mimic the experience of successive parafoveal and foveal views of words in normal reading, comprehension was somewhat worse than when successive segments contained no overlapping information. Experiment 2 used a variety of segment size and segment duration combinations to investigate the optimal means of presenting text in the RSVP format. Across a variety of presentation rates and text difficulties, comprehension was maximal for segments averaging about 12 character spaces in length. In Experiment 3, texts were divided into short idea units or into random segments of equal average length. Comprehension was shown to be greater in the structured condition than in the random condition. An optimal means of presenting text in the RSVP format could be superior to normal presentation methods for reading and other text-processing tasks. 相似文献
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This study investigated the extent of the motivational processes that facilitated the text comprehension among 406 Sri Lankan university students in Sri Lanka. Students’ L2 text comprehension and reading motivation were assessed using a reading comprehension test and a reading motivation and attitude questionnaire. The Principal Componential Analysis identified four constructs of intrinsic motivation and four constructs of extrinsic motivation. The relationship between these constructs and text comprehension was examined using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The final model fitted the data well, indicating that only intrinsic motivational constructs positively contributed to text comprehension when associated with extrinsic motivation. 相似文献
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探讨阅读理解水平不同的被试前后两次阅读的文章结构与内容上的共同性对目标文章信息保持的迁移效应。研究结果表明:阅读理解水平的差异影响信息保持的迁移效应;被试必须具有一定的阅读理解水平,文章的结构特征与内容特征才会对文章信息的迁移有促进作用。 相似文献