Suicide lié au travail et prévention

Regarding social law, work-related suicide can be qualified as a professional risk, in particular as a work accident. It's the option chosen by case-law. The idea is to compensate: qualifying suicide as a work accident provides a social security compensation to the suicided employee's family and, in certain cases, the possibility to sue the employer. But, this case-law does not really question the prevention of the suicide before its commitment. In Labour law, the employer's obligation to prevent risks must face the risk of work-related suicide.     

Inhomogénéité des évaluations de durée d’incapacité totale de travail. Comparaison d’évaluations des durées d’incapacité totale de travail entre les médecins légistes,les médecins généralistes et les urgentistes

Setting a total length for time off work is a forensic act that all physicians must be able to perform. Given the importance of the legal consequences of this evaluation, it seems desirable that this practice is mastered by all practitioners. However, in practice there is often a disparity between forensic assessments and evaluations provided by other practitioners. To assess this difference in evaluation, we conducted a retrospective study, looking at 4 years of archives, of victims of Marseille's forensic service (CHU Timone), and highlighted a disparity between medical examiners, GPs and emergency physician's assessments. In both comparisons between medical examiners versus GPs (n = 367) or medical examiners versus emergency physicians (n = 511), were found in one third of cases of forensic requalification. The majority of checks on where GP's (80%) determined on over 8 days leave were reassessed under this limit by a medical examiner. This trend is reversed for the majority of (61%) requalification cases of emergency assessments (assessment over eight days by medical examiners. This study, proving a fact long suspected, raises many questions about these disparities evaluation we have discussed.     

Défaut d’information préalable : présomption de la souffrance morale et préjudice d’impréparation

The Conseil d’État, relatively to the ruling dated the 16th of June 2016, keeps defining the legal regime of the harm of unpreparedness which consists in a violation of the health professionals’ duty to inform their patients, based on article L. 1111-2 of Code de la santé publique. Moreover, it can be highlighted a shared understanding between the judicial and administrative jurisprudences. Yet, the Conseil d’État is likely withholding the patients’ right to information that the Cour de cassation may have headed toward.     

Effets du bilinguisme précoce sur la flexibilité représentationnelle et procédurale dans le dessin du bonhomme

The present research aims to evaluate representational and procedural flexibility by comparing the performances of simultaneous bilingual children French-Arabic (n = 28), successive bilingual children Tamil-French (n = 21) and French monolinguals (n = 24) at 5 years old and at 8 years old educated, in public school, in a disadvantaged neighborhood. The paradigm of the man that does not exist (Karmiloff-Smith, 1990) has been proposed to measure the ability to introduce graphic innovation into a familiar production and drawing a man by starting with the foot (Baldy, 2010) was used to evaluate the ability to make an usual pattern in an unusual way. The results show that bilingual children as young as 5 years old produce significantly more inter-categorical innovations than their monolingual peers while in monolingual children this capacity doesn’t appear until 8 years old. In procedural representations, the results are more nuanced. The underlying mechanisms that explain the best performance of bilingual children are discussed.     

Dépression unipolaire et personnalité prémorbide : version francophone du Criteria for Typus Melancholicus

The Typus Melancholicus (TM) is a pre-melancholic personality structure, defined by Tellenbach and Kraus and characterized by the orderliness, conscientiousness, norm orientation and intolerance of ambiguity. This study aims to discriminate the existence of a subgroup TM, among a unipolar depressive population. In order to prove the existence of this subgroup, we translated and administrated the Criteria for Typus Melancholicus (CTM) to a sample of 20 unipolar patients and 20 control participants. The research hypothesis was to find a similar proportion to the one observed in the literature (50 % of TM in the unipolar sample). The results demonstrate, as expected, that half of the unipolar sample belongs to a homogeneous subgroup that displays the TM features. Furthermore, no control subjects displays the TM features. Those results suggest that the TM features design a coherent and typical psychopathological structure that can be found in an important proportion of unipolar depressive population. Our study identifies and confirms the existence of a distinct heterogeneity (TM/no TM) inside the unipolar group. This distinction opens the door to some important perspectives in terms of therapy.     

Un produit de santé peut-il changer de statut au gré des circonstances ? Éléments de réflexion avec l’exemple précis du savon

Soap is a cosmetic product in common use during this pandemic period. It enables barrier gestures to be carried out. Capable of preventing pathology (COVID-19), it should, therefore, be marketed under a drug status. If we consider the history of soap, we realize the complexity of its status. Depending on the period, it has been considered as a hygiene product and/or as an excipient or an active ingredient allowing the production of a drug or cosmetic making it possible to treat both scabies and burns, to carry out purges or to put at the point of preparations to soften or whiten hands or to lengthen eyelashes. The use of the term “soap”, being extremely overused, the establishment of regulations to clarify this situation is essential.     

Sentiment de compétence paternelle et adaptation socioaffective des enfants de deux à six ans en contexte de précarité socioéconomique

How fathers perceive their paternal competence when they live in disadvantaged conditions and how it affects young children's socioemotional behaviors? One hundred and eighty-seven fathers of 2 to 6 years old children completed the Child Behavior CheckList as well as the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Living in disadvantaged conditions, fathers feel in average less competent in their paternal role (P < 0.05) and children manifest more socioemotional problems (P = 0.001). However, children's behaviours are not affected by socioeconomic disadvantage when paternal sense of competence is strong. These results highlight the importance to take into consideration paternal sense of competence when treating young children's socioemotional problems living in disadvantaged conditions.     

Les vicissitudes du préjudice d’agrément

The fate of the loss of amenity has always been related to the right of recourse of the third-party payers against the person in charge of the damage. The loss of amenity has been recognized by Law of the 27 December 1973. It was at that time that it was excluded from the recourse of the third-party payers. It was not the case of the physiological injuries which had always been submitted to the recourse of the third-party payers. At first, these injuries had included the disorders in the conditions of existence. But in 2005, the Dintilhac nomenclature adopted a restrictive conception of the loss of amenity. This damage is now defined as the impossibility to practice regularly a specific activity of sport or leisure. In addition, the Law of 21 December 2006 imposed on third-party payers to exercise their action only on pecuniary damage. The physiological injuries were therefore excluded from this action. The strict definition of loss of amenity is both adopted in Civil Law and Social law. But in these two areas, the analysis of the judicial practice reveals that it is undermined the right for the full repair of the victims under their loss of amenity. Accordingly, the question of the opportunity to widen once more the definition of the loss of amenity arises today.     

Représentations des chefs cuisiniers quant à leur activité de management : entre performance et prévention des risques

This article aims to analyze the determinants of the chefs’ management activity in terms of their constraints and resources related in particular to their working conditions. This analysis makes it possible to determine postures relating to the management of chefs turned to both the health of their brigade and the performance of their service. In order to carry out this study, 20 chefs were interviewed via individual interviews with projective cards from the DIXIT game. The thematic type qualitative analysis carried out identifies several common characteristics between the leaders interviewed in the way of managing a brigade such as managerial skills, the importance attributed to the notion of team, the restoration of a positive image of the profession and business constraints. It is also shown that chefs are lacking training in the management side of their business. Finally, the results will be discussed with regard to the collective activity within the brigades and its effect on their professional identity.     

La réparation des préjudices : aspects juridiques

From the juridical point of view, helping victims means the compensation for damage; substantive law principle means repairing the integral damage caused. The reform of the right of recourse of the third party payers and the new nomenclature for damages constitute a sensitive improvement of the indemnity of personal injuries. However, the implementation of repairing is heterogeneous, several ways, extra judicial or judicial, lead to indemnity.     

Le TASC200, une épreuve d’attention et de saillance visuelle : fidélité, validité et normes préliminaires

In the clinical setting, attention is classically assessed by tasks that do not take into account theoretically important aspects, such as the salience-based guidance of visual search. The aim of this study was to develop a paced paper-and-pencil task for clinical use based on strong theoretical accounts that would assess salience-based visual search and that would meet the psychometric requirements for the assessment of attention. Participants were required to search and cancel targets of varying visual saliences as quickly and as accurately as possible during a predefined short period of time. The targets were intermixed with distractors. In agreement with theories of salience-based visual search, the results showed that the most salient targets were detected more easily than less salient targets. The task exhibited a quite acceptable test-retest reliability, and two construct validity studies showed that different scores involve different processes. This new task fully complies with the major theories of salience-based guidance of attention during visual search. It also meets the requirements of a plausible clinical task since its psychometric qualities are quite good. Preliminary normative data (n = 863) are presented for clinical use.     

Les interventions préventives en santé mentale du jeune enfant vues par leurs bénéficiaires : l’exemple du projet CAPEDP

ObjectiveHome-visiting programs have become one of the most popular early childhood interventions, though their impact on parents and children remain uncertain. Outcomes measures often rely on experimental quantitative design and little space is offered for the voices of those served by these interventions. This paper presents the results of a qualitative protocol performed by the research team with participants in the CAPEDP project which took place in France from 2005 to 2011.MethodAll 184 women who had accepted at least one home visit in the CAPEDP programme were contacted and invited to participate. Individual and group interviews were conducted with the first 16 who accepted to participate. The semi-structured interview schedule addressed their overall appreciation of the project, their initial concerns, the quality of their relationship with their home visiting psychologist, positive and negative aspects of the intervention and any recommendations they might have for future interventions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and anonymised. An inductive categorical thematic analysis was performed by the research team.ResultsParticipants expressed overall satisfaction with the CAPEDP intervention, underlining the quality of the relationships with the home visitors, usefulness of parental guidance, the fact that the intervention could be adapted to suit their own personal agenda, routine and needs, the importance of learning how to accept help and give help to others. Less positive aspects included the fact that the home visitors were not mothers themselves and that they lacked technical experience, the difficulty ending the relationship at the end of the 27-month project, insufficient integration of fathers, the difficult and time-consuming evaluation protocol and the lack of interaction with other parents during the intervention.ConclusionAlthough mothers who accepted to participate in the qualitative interview schedule may have had a more positive overall experience of the CAPEDP project than those who declined to participate, participants’ points of view provide potentially useful indications for adapting future home-visiting programs to the French context.