共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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综述了近年来关于精神分裂症对情绪面部表情加工损伤的研究,讨论了这种损伤的性质,以及对这种损伤性质的解释,比如它属于一般性还是特异性的损伤,与临床症状以及认知特征之间的关系等。比较分析表明,精神分裂症情绪面部表情知觉损伤,可能兼有面部信息加工障碍和情绪信息知觉困难的特性。另外,介绍了国外关于针对精神分裂症面部表情再认和识别的康复训练研究以及近年来利用事件相关电位(ERPs)和功能磁共振成像(fMRI)等认知神经科学技术进行的神经生理机制研究 相似文献
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本研究通过3个实验探讨群体信息对面部表情识别的影响。结果发现:(1)周围面孔的情绪状态影响个体对目标面孔情绪的识别,两者情绪一致时的反应时显著短于不一致时的反应时,且面部表情识别准确性更高。(2)群体信息会调节周围面孔情绪对目标面孔的影响,进而影响面部表情识别。具体而言,群体条件下,个体对目标面部表情的识别受到周围面孔情绪状态的影响,相比周围面孔情绪与目标面孔情绪不一致,两者情绪一致时,即符合个体基于知觉线索建立的群体成员情绪具有一致性的预期,面部表情识别的准确性更高、速度更快;而非群体条件下,个体则不受周围面孔情绪状态的影响。研究结果表明,个体能够基于互动人物之间的社会关系识别面孔情绪,群体存在时,会建立群体成员情绪具有一致性的预期,进而影响面部表情识别。 相似文献
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现实生活中,面部表情通常随时间推移呈动态变化,个体对任一表情的解读都可能受其所处的动态序列情境的影响。尽管近年来有研究表明同时呈现的情境信息会对目标表情的知觉产生影响,但对于序列变化的表情信息如何影响目标表情知觉却知之甚少。本研究拟通过行为实验和眼动技术,借助人工合成和真人表演的动态表情,考察序列变化的表情信息(即动态序列情境)对初始表情和最终表情的知觉的影响及其作用机制。研究成果有助于揭示生态化情境下的面部表情加工机制,为基于人工智能的动态表情识别提供参考。 相似文献
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为探寻自闭症儿童在识别低强度(10%,30%)、中强度(40%,60%)和高强度(70%,90%)的愤怒和开心面部表情时,识别情绪类型的既有能力和差异。采用表情标签范式,用E-prime软件在电脑上呈现不同强度的3D合成面部表情刺激,分别对10名自闭症儿童、10名正常发育儿童和10名智障儿童进行了实验研究。结果发现,自闭症儿童在低强度表情时具有面部表情识别障碍,其对不同强度面部表情识别正确率显著低于智障儿童和正常发育儿童;自闭症儿童面部表情识别正确率与面部表情强度呈正相关,面部表情强度越大,自闭症儿童面部表情识别的正确率越高;自闭症儿童对低强度面部表情识别时,对开心表情的识别正确率高于愤怒表情,但是,在中强度和高强度面部表情识别时,存在显著的愤怒优势效应。 相似文献
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采用实验法探讨面部表情类型、强度和加工方式对孤独症儿童情绪理解的影响机制。20名孤独症儿童参加了正式实验。结果表明:(1)孤独症儿童对不同面部表情的识别存在差异;(2)孤独症儿童对整体面部表情的正确识别率显著好于局部面部表情的正确识别率;(3)孤独症儿童对高强度面部表情的正确识别率显著好于低强度面部表情的正确识别率;(4)孤独症儿童面部表情加工方式和面部表情强度存在交互影响。在整体加工方式下,100%强度的表情识别正确率显著高于50%强度的表情识别正确率,在局部加工方式下,100%强度的表情识别正确率与50%强度的表情识别正确率差异不显著。结论:孤独症儿童情绪理解受到面部表情类型、强度和加工方式的影响。 相似文献
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本研究采用连续式公共物品困境,考察不同类型的个体在同伴遵守和违反均等规范两种条件下合作的前后变化及其可能的机制。结果发现:(1)依据行为决策对被试进行的分类与其社会价值取向之间不存在相关;(2)一人违反均等条件下被试的合作水平高于多人违反均等条件下的合作水平;(3)高贡献者在前后两次互动中维持较高的合作水平和信念水平;(4)低贡献者第二次决策时比第一次决策时更合作,这可能是由于他们的合作信念提高。 相似文献
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前人研究表明他人的社会地位影响个体对其面部表情的加工,但是他人地位如何影响个体对其面部表情加工的神经机制并不清楚。本研究首先让被试完成时间估计任务,然后让评价者(高VS低地位)根据被试任务成绩给予面部表情(愉悦、中性和愤怒)反馈,同时记录被试加工评价者面部表情的ERP成分。脑电结果发现,在早期的P1阶段,当评价者给予愤怒和愉悦表情作为反馈评价刺激时,低地位评价者比高地位评价者诱发了更强的P1波幅;在N2加工阶段,只有当评价者给予愉悦表情作为反馈评价刺激时,高地位评价者比低地位评价者诱发的N2波幅更强;在后期P3加工阶段,只有当评价者给予愉悦表情作为反馈评价刺激时,低地位评价者比高地位评价者诱发了更强的P3波幅。当前研究结果说明评价者的地位不仅影响了个体对其面部表情加工的早期阶段,而且还影响了个体对其面部表情加工的后期阶段。 相似文献
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合作指数与描述方式对儿童囚徒困境博弈中合作行为的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究采用囚徒困境任务,考察了91名10~12岁儿童和101名成人在博弈决策中合作行为的特点。并分别考察合作指数和描述方式这两个变量对个体合作性的影响。结果表明:(1)描述方式对儿童的合作行为有显著影响,表现为\"回避\"描述中较之\"趋向\"描述有更多合作行为,而描述方式对成人则无影响。(2)儿童对合作指数不敏感,平均合作率显著高于成人,表现出合作倾向;成人平均合作率随合作指数的升高而升高,但始终处于几率水平之下,表现出竞争倾向。 相似文献
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TAPIO NUMMENMAA 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1990,31(3):161-180
Six actors attempted to communicate by facial expression seven assumedly basic emotions (pleasure, surprise, fear, hate, sorrow, disgust and interest), and all pairwise blends, e.g., fear+sorrow. One hundred and eighty-two subjects (divided into groups as to the six actors) judged pictures of these emotions by three methods: (1) mapping, placing the pictures on coordinate systems with denotated axes, (2) identification and (3) sorting similar emotions into the same pile, followed by multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. Recognition of the emotions was fairly good, though not equally good for all emotions and their blends; also the actors' ability to express emotions varied. Emotions of opposite hedonic tone did not blend well. Interest seemed to lend poignancy to the basic emotion with which it was blended rather than to constitute an emotion in itself. Expressions seemed to be more easily identified if the actor did not try to feel the emotion too deeply. 相似文献
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Lotte Veenstra Iris K. Schneider Brad J. Bushman Sander L. Koole 《Cognition & emotion》2017,31(4):765-771
Most people automatically withdraw from socially threatening situations. However, people high in trait anger could be an exception to this rule, and may even display an eagerness to approach hostile situations. To test this hypothesis, we asked 118 participants to complete an approach-avoidance task, in which participants made approach or avoidance movements towards faces with an angry or happy expression, and a direct or averted eye gaze. As expected, higher trait anger predicted faster approach (than avoidance) movements towards angry faces. Crucially, this effect occurred only for angry faces with a direct eye gaze, presumably because they pose a specific social threat, in contrast to angry faces with an averted gaze. No parallel effects were observed for happy faces, indicating that the effects of trait anger were specific to hostile stimuli. These findings suggest that people high in trait anger may automatically approach hostile interaction partners. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present investigation was to assess whether interpersonal closeness facilitates earlier emotion detection as the emotional expression unfolds. Female undergraduate participants were either paired with a close friend or an acquaintance (n = 92 pairs). Participants viewed morphed movies of their partner and a stranger gradually shifting from a neutral to either a sad, angry, or happy expression. As predicted, findings indicate a closeness advantage. Close friends detected the onset of their partners’ angry and sad expressions earlier than acquaintances. Additionally, close friends were more accurate than acquaintances in identifying angry and sad expressions at the onset, particularly in non-vignette conditions when these expressions were void of context. These findings suggest that closeness does indeed facilitate emotional perception, particularly in ambiguous situations for negative emotions. 相似文献
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This study investigated how target sex, target age, and expressive ambiguity influence emotion perception. Undergraduate participants (N = 192) watched morphed video clips of eight child and eight adult facial expressions shifting from neutral to either sadness or anger. Participants were asked to stop the video clip when they first saw an emotion appear (perceptual sensitivity) and were asked to identify the emotion that they saw (accuracy). Results indicate that female participants identified sad expressions sooner in female targets than in male targets. Participants were also more accurate identifying angry facial expressions by male children than by female children. Findings are discussed in terms of the effects of ambiguity, gender, and age on the perception of emotional expressions. 相似文献
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本研究采用重复囚徒困境实验范式,考察了社会距离和合作指数对不同年龄青少年(初中生、高中生和大学生,且每个年龄段的被试数为40名)在博弈决策中的合作行为的影响。结果发现:(1)随着年龄的增加,青少年合作行为的总体趋势表现为下降;(2)社会距离对大学生的合作行为的正向作用显著,而中学生的合作行为却不受其影响;(3)个体合作率会受到合作指数的促进作用,但这种促进作用在大学生中表现的更为显著。即随年龄增长,个体会更少的采取合作行为,并且个体是否采取合作在更大程度上基于当前博弈中的收支情况和与博弈对象之间的社会距离。 相似文献
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Yunoshin Shimizu;Kazumi Ogawa;Masanori Kimura;Ken Fujiwara;Nobuyuki Watanabe; 《The Japanese psychological research》2024,66(4):521-540
This study examined the relationship between the intensity of emotional expressions in facial stimuli and receivers' decoding accuracy for six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. A laboratory experiment was conducted using the forced-choice method, in which the intensity of each stimulus was manipulated at every 10% interval using the morphing technique. To explore whether a linear relationship would be observed when the intensity was finely manipulated at 10% intervals, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. The mean percentage of correct responses for each stimulus was the dependent variable, and the linear, quadratic, and cubic terms of the stimulus intensity were the independent variables. The results showed that the linear model was not adopted as the final model for all facial expressions; that is, the effect of the squared term of intensity was significant for anger, disgust, fear, and sadness, while the effect of the cubic term of intensity was significant for happiness and surprise. Our findings indicate that a higher intensity of emotional expression does not yield higher decoding accuracy. 相似文献
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Ingrid Cortez-Carbonell 《Estudios de Psicología》2017,38(1):230-257
Various studies have indicated that children with ADHD have difficulties with the facial interpretation of affect. Research in the adult ADHD population overall is scarce. The present study explores how adults with ADHD react to a simple attention task and an emotion-containing task. Thirty adults clinically diagnosed with ADHD and 30 non-ADHD controls completed a computer-based task through a set of facial expressions standardized for Chile. The task was composed of two parts: first, a simple attention task with facial expressions; and second, a facial expression-labelling task. Reaction Time (RT) and Accuracy (Acc) of responses were evaluated. Participants with ADHD responded significantly faster and were significantly less accurate in both tasks compared to controls. Across both groups, emotion-specific errors increased in the facial expression of anger. Additionally, the ADHD group was significantly faster in responding for anger, but not for happiness or neutral expressions. Impulsivity commonly associated with ADHD may account for faster RT and lower Acc. Moreover, happiness may be more pleasant to identify than anger. These results are consistent with studies that have recorded greater Acc for positive emotions in comparison with negative emotions. 相似文献
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Gijsbert Bijlstra Désirée Kleverwal Tjits van Lent Rob W. Holland 《Cognition & emotion》2019,33(2):386-389
Recently, Cognition and Emotion published an article demonstrating that age cues affect the speed and accuracy of emotion recognition. The authors claimed that the observed effect of target age on emotion recognition is better explained by evaluative than stereotype associations. Although we agree with their conclusion, we believe that with the research method the authors employed, it was impossible to detect a stereotype effect to begin with. In the current research, we successfully replicate previous findings (Study 1). Furthermore, by changing the comparative context, Study 2 provides a first test of age-stereotypes affecting emotions recognition. We discuss recommendations for future studies in the domain of social categorisation and emotion recognition. 相似文献
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Evrim Gülbetekin Arda Fidancı Enes Altun Muhammed Nurullah Er Esin Gürcan 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2023,26(4):445-460
We tested the effect of mask use and other-race effect on (a) face recognition, (b) recognition of facial expressions, and (c) social distance. Caucasian subjects were tested in a matching-to-sample paradigm with either masked or unmasked Caucasian and Asian faces. The participants exhibited the best performance in recognizing an unmasked face condition and the poorest to recognize a masked face that they had seen earlier without a mask. Accuracy was poorer for Asian faces than Caucasian faces. The second experiment presented Asian or Caucasian faces having emotional expressions, with and without masks. The participants' emotion recognition performance decreased for masked faces. From the most accurately to least accurately recognized emotions were as follows: happy, neutral, disgusted, fearful. Performance was poorer for Asian stimuli compared to Caucasian. In Experiment 3 the same participants indicated the social distance they would prefer with each pictured person. They preferred a wider distance with unmasked faces compared to masked faces. Distance from farther to closer was as follows: disgusted, fearful, neutral, and happy. They preferred wider social distance for Asian compared to Caucasian faces. Altogether, findings indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic mask wearing decreased recognition of faces and emotional expressions, negatively impacting communication among people from different ethnicities. 相似文献