共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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动词论元结构复杂性表现在论元数量、论元范畴选择模式、题元角色指派模式和映射方式四个方面。大部分实证研究表明, 更多的论元数量、选择性论元范畴、选择性题元角色指派以及非典型映射, 使动词论元结构加工的认知神经机制更复杂。多论元加工功能脑区主要涉及左侧额下回和外侧裂周后部; 选择性论元范畴加工功能脑区主要涉及左侧额下回、额叶中后部、颞上回和颞叶中后部; 选择性题元角色指派加工功能脑区主要涉及外侧裂周后部、左侧额叶中后部和额下回; 非典型映射加工功能脑区主要涉及左侧额下回、颞上回、颞中回和颞叶后部。左侧额下回可能涉及初始句法加工、动词次范畴确定、句法移位和非宾格动词语义加工, 左侧额叶中后部可能涉及初始句法加工和动词次范畴确定, 左侧颞上回和颞叶中后部可能涉及表层句法加工和表层论元句法-语义整合, 外侧裂周后部可能涉及论元语义表征。动词论元结构加工过程和动词词汇特征表明, 复杂性某些方面存在交互作用。动词论元结构复杂性与加工难易的对应关系、复杂性加工难度层级和交互作用的认知神经机制以及汉语动词论元结构复杂性加工认知神经机制等议题, 有待进一步探讨。 相似文献
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通过英文词和汉字的记忆实验,探讨储存和提取不同阶段汉字与英文的脑加工差异。采用经典的"学习-再认"实验范式,8名大学生进行英文与汉字记忆和再认测验,fMRI采集数据,AFNI软件进行预处理、多元回归及ANOVA组分析统计语言差异。结果显示:汉字记忆减英文记忆激活右扣带回;英文记忆减汉字记忆激活右颞上回(BA38)、左扣带回(BA31)、左小脑扁桃体。汉字再认减英文再认的差异脑区为小脑扁桃体、左颞上回。英文再认减汉字再认在0.05水平上没有脑区差异。汉字记忆激活左侧梭状回、右舌回、左顶上小叶、左额下回;英文记忆激活右舌回、左内侧前额叶、左中央前回、左额中回。汉字再认激活左枕下回、左顶下小叶、右额下回、左额中回、右豆状核、左小脑扁桃体、左颞上回、右内侧前额叶。英文再认激活右舌回、左额上回、左顶下小叶、额下回、左中央前回、右顶上小叶、豆状核、右侧尾状核、左中央后回、左侧丘脑。本研究发现:(1)记忆的差异性统计激活颞叶,表明颞叶是记忆存储脑区;(2)学习和记忆阶段有额叶、顶叶激活,表明这些脑区参与文字加工;(3)英文再认比汉字再认激活更多脑区,花费更多的脑资源。 相似文献
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本研究根据音乐加工的层级结构, 对现有的脑成像研究进行了元分析, 探讨了音乐知觉的神经基础。具体而言, 对特异于音乐知觉加工的两个层级, 音程分析和结构分析的神经基础进行了分析, 并在此基础上对比了参与两个层级加工的脑区。结果发现, 音程分析主要的激活分布在双侧颞上回和右侧额下回, 在中央前回、角回和脑岛等脑区也有分布。音程分析在颞上回激活最多, 可能表明颞上回为音程分析的核心区域。结构分析激活分布较广, 主要激活颞上回、颞横回和前额叶区域, 此外, 还激活了下顶叶、缘上回和舌回等顶枕区域。结构分析在前额叶激活最多, 可能表明前额叶为结构分析的核心区域。最后, 对比两层级激活的脑区发现, 二者仅在后侧颞上回存在着重合, 而在绝大部分脑区则表现出分离, 这暗示了音程分析和结构分析通过颞上回进行交流, 并负责音乐不同层面的加工。 相似文献
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《心理学报》2015,(12)
双语者语言加工的神经机制一直是语言认知神经科学研究关注的热点问题之一。前人研究多关注二语加工过程,较少研究母语加工神经网络与二语加工神经网络之间的相互作用;并且前人研究多以成人为被试,研究结果可能会受到发展成熟因素的影响。本研究中,28名汉英儿童双语者进行了两种语言条件下的语音判断任务和字形判断任务,在进行任务的同时进行了磁共振扫描。通过全脑分析、感兴趣区分析和相关分析,结果显示:1)汉语语音、字形加工和英语语音、字形加工激活了类似的脑区网络,但也存在差异。汉语特异脑区(根据Tan等人对汉英跨语言比较的元分析进行定义)右侧枕下回、梭状回以及左侧扣带回在英语语音、字形任务中都显著激活,英语语音任务还额外激活了汉语特异的左脑额中回和中央前回;英语特异脑区(根据Tan等人对汉英进行跨语言比较的元分析进行定义)左脑额内侧、额下回以及梭状回在汉语语音、字形加工中显著激活。2)儿童的英语熟练度越低,左脑扣带回(汉语特异脑区)在汉语语音和汉语字形任务中的激活越强;汉语熟练度越高,左脑额下回(英语特异脑区)在英语字形任务中的激活越强,左脑颞上回(英语特异脑区)在英语语音任务中的激活越弱。两个任务的结果一致说明:汉英双语者母语加工的神经网络与二语加工的神经网络之间存在相互作用,并且受到双语熟练度的调制。 相似文献
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本文使用近红外脑功能成像技术探测正常被试在中文音素言语流畅性任务时的脑激活模式,34名右利手大学生被试参加了实验,实验任务为音素言语流畅性任务,采用近红外脑功能成像仪检测被试额颞区在任务时的激活情况,结果发现该任务激活了大脑双侧的额颞区,双侧缘上回的激活可能为中文音素言语流畅性任务的语言特异性激活脑区,该研究为临床诊断提供了参考价值,并说明了近红外脑功能成像仪可用于中文言语流畅性任务的研究 相似文献
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运用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术,采用猜谜任务范式,从字谜问题解决中谜底“催化”所诱发顿悟的时间过程和源定位两方面来探讨顿悟的认知神经机制。脑电时程分析显示,在320-550ms内,“有顿悟”较“无顿悟”的ERP波形有一个更大的负向偏移,且在“有顿悟-无顿悟”差异波中,该负成分的潜伏期约为380ms,差异波的脑电峰值锁定在Cz点。EEG时频则显示N380主要表现为减弱的高频gamma波和beta波的频谱特征。独立成分溯源结果显示,N380存在四个独立源,主要分布在右侧额中回、左侧顶下小叶、右侧颞上回和右侧额下回。这些结果表明,三字字谜顿悟的N380就是N400,且主要负责三字顿悟字谜外显含义到内隐隐喻意义的表征转换加工。 相似文献
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《心理学报》2014,(3)
本研究根据音乐和语言的层级结构,从各个加工阶段出发,探讨音乐和语言的关系。具体而言,我们对已有的音乐与语言的元分析结果进行对比,并在此基础上探讨了音乐和语言在神经基础上的异同。结果表明,语音分析与音乐加工的重合发生在听觉—运动环路,与音程分析的重合节点在左侧中央前回,与结构分析的在左侧额盖区;语义分析与音乐加工的重合发生在核心环路,重合节点分别是左侧颞上回和左侧额下回(音程分析),以及右侧额下回(结构分析);句子分析和音乐知觉的重合发生在认知—情绪环路中的右侧脑岛。此结果暗示了音乐旋律分析与词义加工的关系可能是音乐语言共享神经基础的核心部分。同时,分别计算音乐两层级与语言簇的重合率发现,音程分析和语言加工重合更多,在大脑左侧有50%重合,而结构分析与语言加工重合较少,在大脑双侧分别只有7%和14%重合,暗示了在较为低层级的加工阶段,音乐和语言更可能存在共享的神经基础,而在更为高层级的加工阶段,二者更多地表现出各自独特的特点。 相似文献
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Greater relative right (versus left) frontal cortical activation to emotional faces as measured with alpha power in the electroencephalogram (EEG), has been considered a promising neural marker of increased vulnerability to psychopathology and emotional disorders. We set out to explore multichannel fNIRS as a tool to investigate infants’ frontal asymmetry responses (hypothesizing greater right versus left frontal cortex activation) to emotional faces as influenced by maternal anxiety and depression symptoms during the postnatal period. We also explored activation differences in fronto-temporal regions associated with facial emotion processing. Ninety-one typically developing 5- and 7-month-old infants were shown photographs of women portraying happy, fearful and angry expressions. Hemodynamic brain responses were analyzed over two frontopolar and seven bilateral cortical regions subdivided into frontal, temporal and parietal areas, defined by age-appropriate MRI templates. Infants of mothers reporting higher negative affect had greater oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) activation across all emotions over the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region implicated in emotional communication. Follow-up analyses indicated that associations were driven by maternal depression, but not anxiety symptoms. Overall, we found no support for greater right versus left frontal cortex activation in association with maternal negative affect. Findings point to the potential utility of fNIRS as a method for identifying altered neural substrates associated with exposure to maternal depression in infancy. 相似文献
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Mechanisms of cortical reorganization underlying the enhancement of speech processing have been poorly investigated. In the present study, we addressed changes in functional and effective connectivity induced in subjects who learned to deliberately increase activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), and improved their ability to identify emotional intonations by using a real-time fMRI Brain-Computer Interface. At the beginning of their training process, we observed a massive connectivity of the rIFG to a widespread network of frontal and temporal areas, which decreased and lateralized to the right hemisphere with practice. Volitional control of activation strengthened connectivity of this brain region to the right prefrontal cortex, whereas training increased its connectivity to bilateral precentral gyri. These findings suggest that changes of connectivity in a functionally specific manner play an important role in the enhancement of speech processing. Also, these findings support previous accounts suggesting that motor circuits play a role in the comprehension of speech. 相似文献
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Fourteen native speakers of German heard normal sentences, sentences which were either lacking dynamic pitch variation (flattened speech), or comprised of intonation contour exclusively (degraded speech). Participants were to listen carefully to the sentences and to perform a rehearsal task. Passive listening to flattened speech compared to normal speech produced strong brain responses in right cortical areas, particularly in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG). Passive listening to degraded speech compared to either normal or flattened speech particularly involved fronto-opercular and subcortical (Putamen, Caudate Nucleus) regions bilaterally. Additionally the Rolandic operculum (premotor cortex) in the right hemisphere subserved processing of neat sentence intonation. As a function of explicit rehearsing sentence intonation we found several activation foci in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area), the left inferior precentral sulcus, and the left Rolandic fissure. The data allow several suggestions: First, both flattened and degraded speech evoked differential brain responses in the pSTG, particularly in the planum temporale (PT) bilaterally indicating that this region mediates integration of slowly and rapidly changing acoustic cues during comprehension of spoken language. Second, the bilateral circuit active whilst participants receive degraded speech reflects general effort allocation. Third, the differential finding for passive perception and explicit rehearsal of intonation contour suggests a right fronto-lateral network for processing and a left fronto-lateral network for producing prosodic information. Finally, it appears that brain areas which subserve speech (frontal operculum) and premotor functions (Rolandic operculum) coincidently support the processing of intonation contour in spoken sentence comprehension. 相似文献
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Quadflieg S Wendt B Mohr A Miltner WH Straube T 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(12):3096-3103
Studies using facial emotional expressions as stimuli partially support the assumption of biased processing of social signals in social phobia. This pilot study explored for the first time whether individuals with social phobia display a processing bias towards emotional prosody. Fifteen individuals with generalized social phobia and fifteen healthy controls (HC) matched for gender, age, and education completed a recognition test consisting of meaningless utterances spoken in a neutral, angry, sad, fearful, disgusted or happy tone of voice. Participants also evaluated the stimuli with regard to valence and arousal. While these ratings did not differ significantly between groups, analysis of the recognition test revealed enhanced identification of sad and fearful voices and decreased identification of happy voices in individuals with social phobia compared with HC. The two groups did not differ in their processing of neutral, disgust, and anger prosody. 相似文献
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the neural correlates of passive listening, habitual speech and two modified speech patterns (simulated stuttering and prolonged speech) in stuttering and nonstuttering adults. Within-group comparisons revealed increased right hemisphere biased activation of speech-related regions during the simulated stuttered and prolonged speech tasks, relative to the habitual speech task, in the stuttering group. No significant activation differences were observed within the nonstuttering participants during these speech conditions. Between-group comparisons revealed less left superior temporal gyrus activation in stutterers during habitual speech and increased right inferior frontal gyrus activation during simulated stuttering relative to nonstutterers. Stutterers were also found to have increased activation in the left middle and superior temporal gyri and right insula, primary motor cortex and supplementary motor cortex during the passive listening condition relative to nonstutterers. The results provide further evidence for the presence of functional deficiencies underlying auditory processing, motor planning and execution in people who stutter, with these differences being affected by speech manner. 相似文献
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Randall R. Benson D. H. Whalen Matthew Richardson Brook Swainson Vincent P. Clark Song Lai Alvin M. Liberman 《Brain and language》2001,78(3):364-396
Candidate brain regions constituting a neural network for preattentive phonetic perception were identified with fMRI and multivariate multiple regression of imaging data. Stimuli contrasted along speech/nonspeech, acoustic, or phonetic complexity (three levels each) and natural/synthetic dimensions. Seven distributed brain regions' activity correlated with speech and speech complexity dimensions, including five left-sided foci [posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), angular gyrus, ventral occipitotemporal cortex, inferior/posterior supramarginal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG)] and two right-sided foci (posterior STG and anterior insula). Only the left MFG discriminated natural and synthetic speech. The data also supported a parallel rather than serial model of auditory speech and nonspeech perception. 相似文献
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Neural systems related to cognitive and emotional processing were examined in adolescents using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten healthy adolescents performed an emotional oddball task. Subjects detected infrequent circles (targets) within a continual stream of phase-scrambled images (standards). Sad and neutral images were intermittently presented as task-irrelevant distracters (novels). As previously shown for adults, when the adolescents responded to the task-relevant targets, activation increased in the dorsal attention-executive system including the anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG), dorsal anterior cingulate (ACG), posterior cingulate (PCG), insula, and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Unlike adults, however, the adolescents exhibited strong activation to the emotional distracter images not only in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC), but also in the posterior middle frontal gyrus (pMFG) and in the parietal cortex. Those subjects who had stronger VmPFC activation to emotional distraction also had reduced activation in the aMFG during target detection, suggesting that emotional information may interfere with executive processing in these adolescents. In contrast, pMFG and PCG activation to emotional distracters was positively correlated with aMFG activation to targets, indicating a different role of these regions from the VmPFC. The pattern of activation to task-irrelevant emotional distraction suggests a possible immaturity of brain function in cognitive control over emotional distraction in adolescents. 相似文献