共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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简尽涵;张军恒;晏碧华;姬鸣 《心理学报》2025,57(6):1013-1042
空间语言交互受空间线索影响,但多线索影响机制尚不明确。将环境线索、布局线索、社会空间线索编码为空间线索一致性作为核心变量,将空间视角转换能力、场认知风格作为调节变量,构建4个实验探究表述和接收过程在两种视角下的多线索影响机制。结果表明,第一人称视角下,空间参照系受空间线索的支持越多,个体越倾向于使用它进行语言表述且交互效率更高,且布局线索的支持效应大于环境线索;场独立型表述者的参照系选择受空间线索一致性影响更大;空间视角转换能力越高,表述者越倾向于承担更多认知负荷,接收者理解效率越高。第三人称视角会削弱空间线索支持效应和高空间视角转换能力者的交互优势,提高使用自我中心参照系表述空间信息的概率,还会使两类场认知风格表述者的表述过程产生不同程度的决策冲突。但无论何种视角下,使用接收者参照系进行语言表述都是提高理解效率的最优方法。 相似文献
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视角采择是个体表征他人或自己所看到世界的能力。个体在判断他人的视角时总是会自动激活自己的视角,但是当个体采取自己的视角时,并不总是会自动激活他人的视角。研究表明,当采取自己的视角时,成人和儿童可以自动做一级视觉视角采择,二级视觉视角采择的过程是非自动的,且成人可以自动做空间视角采择。未来研究需要继续探讨一级视觉视角采择自动性的影响因素,实验设置和个体因素是否会影响二级视觉视角采择的自动性,空间视角采择自动性的发展趋势和影响因素,视角采择的自动性是否与被试完成任务时所使用的策略有关,以及视角采择自动性的发展机制和脑神经机制。 相似文献
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设计新的空间视角采择任务,考察成人空间视角采择的自动性。结果发现:(1)在other任务中,随着人偶与被试的角度差异增加,反应时和错误率升高。(2)在self任务中,空间关系一致时正确率高于不一致时,且150°-180°间的一致性效应不显著;随着角度差异增加,反应时升高;小球与人偶的空间关系和空间关系的一致性交互作用不显著。本研究结果表明:本实验任务对成人而言是一个有效的空间视角采择任务;成人可以自动地做空间视角采择;人偶与被试的角度差异影响成人空间视角采择的自动性;小球与人偶的空间关系不影响成人空间视角采择的自动性。本研究首次证明了成人可以自动做空间视角采择。 相似文献
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为了实现流畅的社会互动,个体需要同时加工自我与他人视角下的信息,并能有效地区分二者。然而个体对自我与他人视角下的信息存在共享神经表征,那么大脑是如何在同时完成自我与他人视角信息加工的前提下又不至于混淆二者的呢?本文通过创新性的、具有高时间分辨率的内隐视觉观点采择任务,发现对于自我视角和他人视角下的信息加工存在频率约为1 Hz的行为振荡现象,并且二者存在180°左右的相位差。这一结果说明在有他人在场的社会情景中,自我视角与他人视角下的信息加工是一种具有周期性的交替优势的过程。 相似文献
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观点采择是用于理解别人的想法、观念的能力,允许人们从另一个人的观点和视角来看待事物和客体。已有研究表明空间观点采择涉及自我旋转(self-rotation),在此基础上,我们假设自我视角表征在旋转到目标位置后将缓慢旋转回位,提出了"旋转-回位"的假说。通过两个包含连续观点采择任务的实验,研究结果表明两个任务的目标之间角度差越大,判断所需反应时越长,且角度差与反应时间的关系类似于单个空间观点采择任务中目标与被试位置间的角度与反应时的关系;且两个任务间时间间隔的增长减弱了角度差对反应时的影响。研究初步支持了"旋转-回位"假说:空间观点采择过程中个体的自我视角表征先向目标位置旋转,在任务完成后逐渐回位。这一结果和结论巩固并补充了现有的关于观点采择的理论,并对理解观点采择过程中对视角表征进行的认知操作具有启发意义。 相似文献
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儿童社会观点采择与分享行为关系的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究选取幼儿园大班、小学一、二、三年级共240名被试,每个年级各60名,男女各半,考察儿童的社会观点采择能力与分享行为的关系。结果发现:(1)社会观点采择的发展对儿童的分享行为有影响,其中主要是认知观点采择对实际分享行为的影响;(2)儿童分享行为的发展有阶段性;(3)儿童认知观点采择和情感观点采择的发展在幼儿园大班,二者之间存在较显著的差异,到了一、二、三年级二者之间无显著差异。 相似文献
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儿童社会观点采择的发展及其子类型间的差异的研究 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4
对幼儿园大班至小学阶段的425名儿童施以认知和情感两类观点采择测验,考察儿童社会观点采择发展的一般趋势以及两类观点采择的发展趋势及水平上的差异。结果发现:6岁左右儿童在准确推断他人观点方面还存在较大困难。6—10岁左右是儿童社会观点采择能力快速发展的时期。10岁左右儿童已能根据环境信息较准确推断他人的观点:儿童认知观点采择与情感观点采择能力的发展趋势基本一致,但后者的发展水平极显著地落后于前者。 相似文献
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儿童社会观点采择结构效度的研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
对幼儿园大班、小学二年级和四年级儿童进行经过标准化处理的四种社会观点采择任务测验,利用LISREL技术对社会观点采择任务的结构进行验证性因素分析,并对社会观点采择的结构效度进行考察。结果发现:1.儿童社会观点采择包含认知社会观点采择和情感社会观点采择两种亚类型;2.在对测验任务进行标准化处理以后,儿童的社会观点采择具有较高的结构效度。 相似文献
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基于经典的视觉观点采择范式,本研究探讨人们如何采择群组视角观点。研究创设了自我视角信息与群组视角信息一致与不一致条件,比较两种条件下被试对自我视角信息判断的反应时。若被试在视角信息不一致条件下的反应时显著长于其在一致条件下时,提示被试在判断自我视角信息时受到了群组视角信息的干扰,即自动加工了群组视角的观点。结果显示,相比视角信息一致条件,被试在视角信息不一致条件下反应时更长。当虚拟人物群组被箭头替代后,被试自动加工群组视角信息效应消失。该结果揭示,人们会自动地加工社会群组的视觉信息,且该效应不能由物理层面的指向所解释。 相似文献
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Yingjia Wan Yipu Wei Baorui Xu Liqi Zhu Michael K. Tanenhaus 《Developmental science》2023,26(5):e13367
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Hannes Rakoczy Raphaela Wandt Stefanie Thomas Jana Nowak Ute Kunzmann 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2018,109(1):6-24
How does perspective-taking develop over the lifespan? This question has been investigated in two separate research traditions, dealing with theory of mind (ToM) and wisdom, respectively. Operating in almost complete isolation from each other, and using rather different conceptual approaches, these two traditions have produced seemingly contradictory results: While perspective-taking has been consistently found to decline in old age in ToM research, studies on wisdom have mostly found that perspective-taking remains constant or sometimes even increases in later adulthood. This study sought to integrate these two lines of research and clarify the seemingly contradictory patterns of findings by systematically testing for both forms of perspective-taking and their potential cognitive foundations. The results revealed (1) the dissociation in developmental patterns between ToM perspective-taking (declining with age) and wisdom-related perspective-taking (no decline with age) also held – documented here for the first time – in one and the same sample of younger versus older adults; (2) this dissociation was of limited generality: It did not (or only partly) hold once the material of the two types of tasks was more closely matched; and (3) the divergent developmental patterns of ToM perspective-taking versus wisdom-related perspective-taking could be accounted for to some degree by the fact that only TOM perspective-taking was related to developmental changes in fluid intelligence. 相似文献
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习惯空间术语对空间认知的影响再探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
考察习惯的空间术语对空间认知的影响。实验1考察在有空间语言线索提示下南、北方被试空间认知的差异。结果表明,当给予空间语言线索提示时,南、北方被试都更多地以所提示的空间参考框架定向。但语言线索对南、北方被试影响不同。实验2考察非定向性的习惯空间术语对空间认知的影响。结果表明,“南下北上”的术语影响被试对空间的认知。 相似文献
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Margaret A. Niznikiewicz 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2013,9(4):173-183
In the present review, social communication will be discussed in the context of
social cognition, and cold and hot cognition. The review presents research on
prosody, processing of faces, multimodal processing of voice and face, and the
impact of emotion on constructing semantic meaning. Since the focus of this mini
review is on brain processes involved in these cognitive functions, the bulk of
evidence presented will be from event related potential (ERP) studies as this
methodology offers the best temporal resolution of cognitive events under study.
The argument is made that social communication is accomplished via fast acting
sensory processes and later, top down processes. Future directions both in terms
of methodology and research questions are also discussed. 相似文献
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Spatial language and the use of spatial prepositions has recently been intensively investigated. We add two novel aspects to the question of which frame of reference, i.e., the deictic or the intrinsic frame, is used when communicating about dimensional relations between objects. We restrict ourselves to the use of prepositions that refer to the first horizontal axis, i.e., in front of and behind in English, and vor and hinter in German, respectively, and report on a series of 16 experiments on the connection between the use of these prepositions and the indication of particular subspaces adjacent to reference objects in a traffic environment. First, we will show that an interaction between the intrinsic orientation of the reference object, the type of social situation in which spatial communication occurs, and the used language's pattern of prepositional word forms for temporal and spatiodimensional relations contributes to the proper prediction of the use of spatial prepositions. Second, we systematically consider production as well as interpretation of prepositions in two different languages in the same experimental setting, which allows for the estimation of communicative success. Here, it turns out that in German as well as in American English there are conditions in which speakers and listeners either agree or disagree on the chosen frame of reference; however, these conditions are different in the two languages investigated. 相似文献
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采用Levinson开创的旋转观察者的实验范式,考察了习惯的空间术语对非语言空间认知的影响。被试是南方和北方的大学生。结果表明,南方大学生和北方大学生在非语言的空间操作任务上所使用的参考框架存在显著差异,南方大学生更多地使用以观察者为中心的相对参考框架(前、后、左、右),北方大学生更多地使用以太阳升落和地球磁场为参照的绝对参考框架(东、西、南、北)。这种参考框架使用上的差异与他们习惯的空间术语一致。上述结果表明习惯的空间术语对非语言空间认知有重要影响。 相似文献
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James A. Clinton Joseph P. Magliano John J. Skowronski 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2018,30(1):85-97
Spatial perspective taking is a term that encompasses a class of phenomena that assess the extent to which a perceiver can access spatial information relative to a viewpoint different from the perceiver’s egocentric viewpoint (e.g. something on my right is on the left of someone facing me). We investigated whether spatial perspective taking that involves judging how objects are oriented around an agent is susceptible to alterations in social motivations. In all experiments, participants saw a picture of two objects and asked to judge the relationship between the objects when there was, or was not, an agent between them. Results from Experiment 1 showed that participants spontaneously described the objects from the agent’s perspective when he was present. Experiments 2 and 3 explored whether this effect was altered by prior participant exposure to manipulations of social inclusion or social exclusion. Results from these two studies demonstrated that socially included participants and socially excluded participants did not differ in their tendencies to adopt the spatial perspective of another. These results are discussed in the context of the results of other studies showing that perspective taking can be influenced by social motivations. 相似文献